Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
TESTS FOR THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - Coggle Diagram
TESTS FOR THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
UNSATURATION
Bromine Test
Unsaturated: Disappearance of red-orange color of bromine.
Saturated: no disappearance of red-orange color of bromine.
Baeyer's Test
Unsaturated: Disappearance of pink color of KMnO4.
Saturated: No disappearance of pink color of KMnO4.
ALCOHOLS
Ceric ammonium nitrate test: Pink or red color is developed with the presence of an alcoholic group.
Ester Test: A fruity smell is produced with the presence of an alcoholic group.
Acetyl chloride test: White fumes are produced with the present of an alcoholic group.
Lucas Test
Cloudiness appears within 5 minutes with a tertiary alcohol.
Cloudiness appears immediately with a tertary alcohol.
Cloudiness only appears with heat for a primary alcohol.
Sodium metal test: Brisk effervescence appears with an alcoholic group.
PHENOLIC GROUP
Ferric chloride test: Violet color is seen with a phenolic group.
Phthalein dye test: Pink color is seen with a phenolic group.
Litmus Test: Blue litmus turns to red with a phenolic group.
Liebermann's Test: With a Phenolic Group...
Color turns to red.
Deep blue or green color appears.
A deep blue or green coloring is seen.
ALDEHYDIC AND KETONIC GROUPS
2,4-Dintrophenyl hydrazine Test: Yellow or orange precipitate formed with a carbonyl group.
Sodium bisulphate formed: White crystalline precipitate is formed with a carbonyl group.
CARBOXYLIC GROUP
Ester Test: Fruity smell with a carboxylic group.
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Test: Brisk effervescence is displayed with a carboxylic group.
Litmus Test: Blue litmus turns to red with a carboxylic group.
DIFFERENTIATING TESTS
ALDEHYDES
Tollen's Test: Shining silver mirror is formed.
Fehling's Test: Red precipitate is formed.
Schiff's Test: Pink color is seen.
KETONES
Sodium nitroprusside Test: Red coloring is seen.
m-Dinitrobenzene Test: Violet color appears and slowly fades away.
AMINO GROUP
Solubility Test: Compounds soluble in dil.HCl. may be amines.
Litmus Test: When red litmus turns to blue compounds may be amines.
Carbylamines Test: A strong smell is produced with a primary amine.
DISTINGUISHING TESTS
Hinsberg Test
No precipitate (clear solution). On addition of conc. HCl, insoluble material is seen: Primary anime
Precipitate is formed in the test tube. It does not dissolve in conc. HCl: Presence of secondary anime.
Precipitate is formed in the test tube. It dissolves in conc. HCl: Presence of tertiary anime.
Nitrous acid test
Formation of yellow oily layer: Presence of secondary amine
No change: Presence of tertiary anime.
Bubbles of nitrogen gas: Presence of primary aliphatic amine.
Azo-Dye Test: Presence of aromatic primary amine with the formation of red or orange dye.