THE VICTORIAN AGE

England rises as an imperial power: colonization, trade, immigration

an age characterized by dramatic changes

industrial production favoured by the Industrial Revolution

unregulated industrialization

great prosperity for the lucky

misery for the masses

an age of progress, promise and triumph

both positive and negative consequences

some challenge the effects of industrialization

a time of troubles

deplorable working conditions in mines and factories

literature focused on THE PLIGHT OF THE POOR

literature focused on working conditions

British political policy of expansion worldwide

Australia, Canada, India

PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY

GREAT EXHIBITION - ROYAL PALACE

Ch.Darwin- The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man

challenge old thinking about the role of man in the world

man is just one creature among others and is the product of evolutionary history

COMMON THEME:the definition of the protagonist relative to class and social system

the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines

shift from an agrarian to a manufacturing society

literature is close to real life with facts and general stereotypes of human nature

writers use journalistic techniques

the advances in printing technology

the rise of literacy

an increase in the publication of texts

Dickens: the themes of A Christmas Carol

time, youth and old age

rebirth and transformation

Christmas spirit versus greed and selfishness

social injustice