Concept Map : Skeletal System Damani Polk Anatomy period 2
Bones
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Skull – including the jaw bone.
Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna.
Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges.
Pelvis – hip bones.
Types of bones
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Long bone – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps). ...
Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape mostly spongy bone
Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface, made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers
Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types.
Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently become mineralized
Bone Repair
Open reduction, and internal fixation- this involves a surgery to repair the fracture-frequently, metal rods, screws or plates are used to repair the bone, and remain in place, under the skin, after the surgery
Different Joints
saddle joint -synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex. It is found in the thumb, the thorax, the middle ear, and the heel
Hinge Joint -joint in which the articular surfaces are molded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in one plane
Pivot Joints -type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface
Ball and Socket joints -one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center.
Synovial Joints -joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones
Male and Female Skeleton
Male bodies are bigger, in both size and density. Peak male bone mass is around 50% more than women's, and women lose bone faster as we age. Women and male have the same amount of ribs. We have 12 pairs, though some people are born with 11 or 13 pairs to no ill effect.
Disorders in the skeleton
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Bone Cancer.
Bone Density.
Bone Infections.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
Osteonecrosis.
Osteoporosis.
Paget's Disease of Bone.
Rickets.