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Psychology; Unit 2, Milgram's Study of Obedience, Kohlberg's study…
Psychology; Unit 2
Ethics
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The ethical guidelines are devised by the British Psychological Society; and intend to protect both the participant and the researcher
When the researcher has to do what is best for the participant but has an invested interest in their own work
Sampling methods
Random
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A method in which participant selection is random; everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected
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Snowball
:smiley: - Allows access to largely inaccessible groups, e.g smokers
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Systematic
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Where every 4th, 10th, 12th etc. name is selected from a list
Types of research
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Laboratory
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:smiley: High level of control over variables.
The researcher can make use of machines such as MRI scanners.
:cry: Low ecological validity- ppts. are in an artificial environment so may not show natural behaviour.
Natural/quasi
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In a quasi experiment, the IV variable is naturally occurring and not controlled by the researcher.
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Self reports
Questionnaires
Questionnaires contain both open (written Reponses) and closed (Pre-determined answer selection) questions
Closed questions generate Quantitative data
Open questions generate Qualitative data
-> For qual data to be made quan a content analysis is done
:smiley: - Can be shared online
- Diverse range of participants
- Quick, cheap
:cry: - participants may show s.d.b
- Questions may be confusing or leading
- qual data is hard to analyse
Interviews
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Structured interview
:smiley: - Standardised
- Targets what interviewer is after
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Unstructured interview
An interview which has no set questions and allows for free discussion- interviewer can pick up on interesting points which allows more more in-depth findings.
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Open questions provide qual data
Closed questions provide quan data
(qual -> quan by content analysis)
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