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Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
Structure
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- The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are located in the dorsal body cavity.
- The PNS includes 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves, which receive information from and send information to the body.
Function
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- The nervous system is responsible for controlling, coordinating, and integrating all body activities.
- It receives sensory input from the environment and processes and interprets this information to determine how the body should react.
- The nervous system communicates with cells by electrical impulses.
- The PNS connects the CNS to other parts of the body and communicates messages from the CNS to the body.
- Along with the endocrine system, the nervous system regulates and maintains homeostasis.
Central Nervous System
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- The CNS is one of the two main parts of the nervous system, the other being the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are located in the dorsal body cavity.
- The brain is the control center of the nervous system, responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information, initiating motor responses, and regulating many physiological processes.
- The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lower back.
- The spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve impulses traveling to and from the brain and is responsible for many reflex actions.
- The CNS is responsible for integrating and coordinating all body activities, including movement, sensation, perception, and cognition.
- The CNS is protected by the skull and vertebral column, as well as by cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord.
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Effects of Ageing in NS
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- Neuronal loss and shrinkage: Aging is associated with a decrease in the number of neurons and a reduction in the size of individual neurons in certain regions of the brain . This can lead to a decrease in brain weight and size.
- Slower reaction times: As individuals age, the processing of nerve impulses in the brain may become slower, affecting performance in certain tasks and reaction times .
- Increased risk of stroke: Aging can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits in blood vessels, potentially decreasing blood flow to the brain and increasing the risk of a stroke .
- Cognitive decline: Age-related changes in the nervous system can contribute to cognitive decline, affecting memory, learning, and other cognitive functions.
- Loss of nerve cells: Aging can result in the loss of nerve cells in the brain, which may impact overall neurological function.
- Changes in neurotransmitter levels: The aging process can lead to alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers in the brain, potentially affecting communication between neurons.
- Increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases: Aging is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others, which can have profound effects on neurological function.
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