GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Introduction

Discovered by
Leeuwenhoek in 1681

A.Giard and F. Lambl

Cosmopolitan parasite.
Exit in two forms ;
☆Trophozoites
☆ Cyst

Habitat
Duodenum and upper part
of the jejunum of human

Tennis rocket (or)
Pear shape, Bilateral
symmetrical.

Flagella
Locomotion
Tumbling leaf motility

Flagella

☆ 4 pairs of flagella
attach with the intestinal
epithelial tissue using
Sucking disc.

☆ Flagella - locomotion
Tumbling leaf motility

☆ Size 10 to 20ųm in length
5 to 15 ųm in width

☆ Starting point of flagella
called blepharoplasts.

Cyst

☆ Oval (or) Round
Shape

☆ Size 11 to 14 ųm in length
7 to 10 ųm in width

☆ 2 pairs of nuclei
( cluster or opposite poles )

☆ Axonene is arising inside
Remains flagella found inside
the cytoplasm

Life cycle

From contaminated food or water
having infection cyst form, within
30mins of injection each cyst
will release two trophozoites forms

After reproduction of trophozoites
It will divided by binary fission

Then attach to the sucking disc.

With the help of flagella it moves
to the habitat duodenum and jejunum
cause continues infection

Step 2; After reaching habitat then
go to the encystation process
it damage the intestine.

They release through stool along
with cyst form of giardia.

After releasing it will able to thrive
in environment for 2 to 3 weeks.

Pathogenesis

Duodenum and jejunal irritation
leads to duodenitis and jejunitis

Dull epigastric pain

Weight lose and IgA

Chronic diarrhea

Jaundice like
symptoms

Low immunity

Fat and mucous
is released out
in stool

Lab diagnosis

Wet mount
technique

Iodine staining
technique

Sedimentation
Zinc sulphate

Culture technique
Diamonds media

Entero test or
String test using
Gelatin capsule

Antigen detection
in stool

ELISA
PCR
X ray

Treatment & Prevention

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

Furazolidone

Wash hands before
and after food

Avoid of eating
Spoilage foods

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Wet Mount Motility Test

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