GIARDIA LAMBLIA
Introduction
Discovered by
Leeuwenhoek in 1681
A.Giard and F. Lambl
Cosmopolitan parasite.
Exit in two forms ;
☆Trophozoites
☆ Cyst
Habitat
Duodenum and upper part
of the jejunum of human
Tennis rocket (or)
Pear shape, Bilateral
symmetrical.
Flagella
Locomotion
Tumbling leaf motility
Flagella
☆ 4 pairs of flagella
attach with the intestinal
epithelial tissue using
Sucking disc.
☆ Flagella - locomotion
Tumbling leaf motility
☆ Size 10 to 20ųm in length
5 to 15 ųm in width
☆ Starting point of flagella
called blepharoplasts.
Cyst
☆ Oval (or) Round
Shape
☆ Size 11 to 14 ųm in length
7 to 10 ųm in width
☆ 2 pairs of nuclei
( cluster or opposite poles )
☆ Axonene is arising inside
Remains flagella found inside
the cytoplasm
Life cycle
From contaminated food or water
having infection cyst form, within
30mins of injection each cyst
will release two trophozoites forms
After reproduction of trophozoites
It will divided by binary fission
Then attach to the sucking disc.
With the help of flagella it moves
to the habitat duodenum and jejunum
cause continues infection
Step 2; After reaching habitat then
go to the encystation process
it damage the intestine.
They release through stool along
with cyst form of giardia.
After releasing it will able to thrive
in environment for 2 to 3 weeks.
Pathogenesis
Duodenum and jejunal irritation
leads to duodenitis and jejunitis
Dull epigastric pain
Weight lose and IgA
Chronic diarrhea
Jaundice like
symptoms
Low immunity
Fat and mucous
is released out
in stool
Lab diagnosis
Wet mount
technique
Iodine staining
technique
Sedimentation
Zinc sulphate
Culture technique
Diamonds media
Entero test or
String test using
Gelatin capsule
Antigen detection
in stool
ELISA
PCR
X ray
Treatment & Prevention
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Furazolidone
Wash hands before
and after food
Avoid of eating
Spoilage foods