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DNA transcription - Coggle Diagram

- - - - link can only be made between 5' of one and 3' of another
- - - - DNA sequences which guide RNAP to start transcription
  - - - Opening and closing chromatin controls transcription in eukaryotes
        
        access to core promoter regulated by TFs and chromatin stat
- - - - Each strand acts as template on which other strand is synthesised
      - Meselson-stahl experiment
        
        Extracts DNA to investigate banding position
        
        N-15 bands near bottom
        
        N-14 bands near top
      - template-directed
  - - - Helicase
        
        Unwinds Dna
      - Topoisomerase
        
        Positive supercoiling
        
        Dealing with overwinding
      - Polymerase and primase
        
        DNA replication
        
        Rules
        
        1 DNAp can't start new DNA strand on its own
        
        5' to 3' direction
        
        DNAP1
        
        5' to 3' DNA polymerizing
        
        Forward synthesis
        
        3' to 5' exonuclease
        
        Backwards
        
        Proofreading
        
        5' to 3' exonuclease
        
        Forward, primer removal
        
        DNAP III
        
        principal
        
        v fast
    - - Total protein and cell extract
      - Template DNA
      - Substrates for DNA synthesis
        
        Nucleotide triphosphates
        
        dATP
        
        dTTP
        
        dGTP
        
        dCTP
      - Arthur Kornberg
  - - - Continuous
    - - Discontinuous
      - Okazaki fragments
        
        3H-Uracil
        
        Get shorter when treated with alkali
        
        joining up
        
        DNAP III approaches next primer
        
        DNAPI takes over, replaces RNA primer with new DNA
        
        Nick translation
        
        DNA ligase seals nicks
  - - - inhibitor of RNAP
- - - - Terminate chain synthesis
      - Separates newly synthesised strands by size
      - Fluorescently labelled with fluorophore