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C10 - Coggle Diagram
C10
Alloys
Mixture of two or more metals
Harder than pure metal
Different sized atom make layers less mobile and prevent them sippling
Example
Stainless steel
Iron, nickel, chromium
Reactivity series
Orders metals from most reactive to least reactive
Dictated by metals tendency to become ions (cations)
More reactive = greater tendency
Reduction of oxides (Via carbon)
Reaction between zinc oxide and carbon
2ZnO + C ---> 2Zn + CO2
Zinc oxide has been "reduced" by carbon (i.e. lost oxygen to carbon)
Only possible because zinc is lower than carbon on reactivity series
I.e. zinc has a very low tendency to form ions
Rather stay in metallic form than as cation
Carbon can only reduce oxides of metal that are less reactive than itself (below it on the reactivity series)
Metallic properties
Physical properties
shiny
Good conduction of heat/electricity
High density
Malleable (able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking)
and ductle (the property of a material that allows it to be drawn into wire.)
Usually solid at room temp
Sonorous (makes bell sound when struck)
Chemical properties
Metal + acid
metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
Metal + oxygen
Metal + oxygen -> metal oxide
Metal + water
Cold water
Metal + water ---> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Steam
Metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen
Displacement
Involve one ion replacing another
Whether or not metal can displace another metal in compound is strictly dependent on relative reactivities
Example Zn(S) + CuSO4 (Aq) -> ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Zinc has replaced copper in copper sulphate
Because zing is more reactive than copper (higher tendency to become an ion)
Example 2) Zn(s) + MgCl2(aq) -> No reaction
Zinc cannot displace magnesium because magnesium is more reactive (much rather stay as magnesium ion)
Decomposition
Occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products
Decomposition reactions
Metal hydroxides
Metal hydroxide --(heat)---> Metal oxide + water
Metal nitrates
(Sodium or potassium) nitrate --(heat-)--> nitrate + oxygen
Metal carbonates
Metal carbonate --(heat)--> metal oxide + carbon dioxide