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EU history - Coggle Diagram
EU history
- The Maastricht Treaty 1992: the beginning of the EU
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After the Soviet Union collapsed, many former Soviet countries applied to the EU (In 1995 Sweden, Finland and Austria join)
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At the moment 27 member states (after Brexit), 19 of which are members of the EMU
- ECC - The Treaty of Rome 1957 (European Economic Community)
Founded in the Treaty of Rome 1957 (this is where today's EU law origins, the Lisbon treaty is quite similar to this)
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Early years 1960-1970
De Gaulle, president of France thought that supranationalism was a horrible idea and that it destroyed France’s sovereignty which he wanted to secure + empty chair crisis (France refuses to participate anything until Luxembourg Accords 1966: countries' veto right was preserved --> France won --> a huge step back to intergovernmentalism (consensus was hard to find --> not much developments) + case law policy started to form since jurudical questions were flooding in)
1970s the UK, Denmark and Ireland become members (UK allowed to join after De Gaulle's regime)
1980s relaunch
1980s Greece, Spain and Portugal join
1973 was the beginning = war in Israel that resulted in oil crisis (massive energy crisis followed the oil crisis)
ICC proved incapable of responding and europe suffered → consensus that europe needed to rebuild itself → goal of creating a true single market (internal)
Will to accelerate integration (the White Paper 1985: carrying out internal market, intended to certain countries: Germany), big step towards supranationalism
Massive geopolitical crisis: The soviet union collapses, reunification on Germany (geographical differences) --> need to tie Germany to the integration
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The Lisbon Treaty 2007
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Nearly identical to the constitutional treaty (some changes of words, symbolic content was dismissed (reference to the EU flag)
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Was RATIFIED in all member states (Ireland accepted in the second referendum) --> came into force in 2009
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After the WWs, there was a desire to avoid new wars
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A Convention was put up, which job was establishing a Constitution of Europe (perustuslaki) --> Problem was the EU’s structure, which originated from the 1950s
The objective was to get the citizens to participate with e.g. public arrangements (Didn’t work out: citizens stayed distanced → “only” citizens participating were nerds or jurists etc. )
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