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The Digestive System and Nutrition - Coggle Diagram
The Digestive System and Nutrition
Keywords
Nutrients
Organ
Organisation
System
Digestion
Interaction
Enzymes
Human Nutrition
Human nutrition
is concerned with the foods that are essential to the body and how the body uses those foods to support life and health.
There are six main types of nutrients in food:
Protein
Healthy Source
Lean Meat
Poultry
Fish
Eggs
Beans
Lentils
Function in Body
Growth
Repair of Tissue
Carbohydrate
Starch
Healthy Source
Brown Bread
Pasta
Rice
Potatoes
Function in Body
Energy
Sugar
Healthy Source
Fruit
Function in Body
Energy
Fibre (Roughage)
Healthy Source
Fruit
Vegetables
Wholemeal
Function in Body
Causes peristalsis in the digestive system
Prevents constipation
Fat
Healthy Source
Vegetable Oils
Oily Fish
Function in Body
Cell membranes
Vitamins
Vitamin C
Healthy Source
Citrus Fruits
Kiwi
Blackcurrants
Function in Body
Making new cells
Deficiency Diseases
Scurvy
Vitamin D
Healthy Source
Sunlight
Dairy Foods
Supplements
Function in Body
Healthy Bones
Wellbeing
Deficiency Diseases
Rickets
Minerals
Calcium
Healthy Source
Dairy Foods
Tinned Fish
Function in Body
Strong bones and teeth
Deficiency Diseases
Osteoporosis
Iron
Healthy Source
Red Meat
Green Vegetables
Function in Body
Needed for haemoglobin
Deficiency Diseases
Anaemia
Water
Healthy Source
Water from the tap
Fruit
Drinks
Function in Body
To maintain body temperature at 37°C
A
deficiency disease
is caused by the lack of a particular food.
Organisation of Multicellular Organisms
Cell :arrow_right: Tissue :arrow_right: Organ :arrow_right: System :arrow_right: Organism
The Digestive System
A
system
is a group or organs working together
Digest
means to break down large food particles into smaller soluble particles.
Parts of the Digestive System
Mouth/Teeth
Takes in food and chews it
Salivary Glands
Produces amylase
Oesophagus
Carries food from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach
Churns food
Adds hydrochloric acid to food
Liver
Produces bile to aid digestion of fat
Gall Bladder
Stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine
Small Intestine
Digests food
Absorbs food into the blood
Large Intestine
Colon
Absorbs water from food into the blood
Rectum
Stores Faeces for egestion
Prepares undigested food for egestion
Anus
Allows faeces to pass from the body (egestion)
Pancreas
Makes enzymes to digest food
Types of Digestion
Mechanical digestion
occurs when food is physically broken down by the teeth and by the churning action of the stomach
Chemical digestion
occurs when enzymes break down larger food molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
An
enzyme
is a chemical found in cells. It speeds up chemical reactions.
Peristalsis
is a muscular movement that only occurs in the muscles of the digestive system. It causes food to be pushed along the system.
Five Steps to Provide Nutrition for the Body
Ingestion
Taking in food (eating)
Digestion
Breaking down food into soluble particles
Absorption
Digested food passes into the bloodstream
Assimilation
Food is used by the cells for energy or growth
Egestion
Unabsorbed food leaves the body as faeces
The Teeth and Their Functions
Incisors
cut and slice food.
Canines
grip and tear food
Premolars
and
molars
chew and grind food
Enzymes
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions but are not used up in the reaction. For this reason, they are known as
catalysts
.
Chemical reactions that take place in living things are called
biochemical reactions
.
Enzyme:
Amylase
Substrate:
Starch
Product:
Maltose
Enzyme:
Maltase
Substrate:
Maltose
Product:
Glucose
How the organs of the digestive system interact with each other
Mouth and Salivary Glands
The salivary glands produce the enzyme amylase, which enters the mouth.
Liver and Gall Bladder
The liver produces bile. Bile is stored in the gall bladder.
Gall Bladder and Small Intestine
The gall bladder sends bile into the small intestine to help with the digestion of fats
Pancreas and Small Intestine
The pancreas produces a number of enzymes that are passed into the small intestine