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Diseases, Symptoms - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sinusitis
      - Allergic Rhinitis
    - - Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)
    - - Laryngitis
    - - Epiglottitis (Croup)
  - - - Bronchiactasis
    - - Emphysema
    - - Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
        
        First line: Tiotropium 🥇
        
        Alternative:
        
        Ipratropium bromide (esp if pt old age + CVD)
        
        Theophylline
  - - - Bronchial Carcinoma
      - Small Cell Lung Cancer
    - - Adenocarcinoma
      - Squamous Cell Carcinoma
      - Lung Cancer Metaplasia
  - - - Bacterial Pneumonia
        
        Atypical Pneumonia
        
        Interstitial Pneumonia
        
        Macrolides
        
        Erythromycin
        
        Clarithromycin
        
        Azithromycin
        
        Typical Pneumonia
        
        Lobar Pneumonia
        
        Bronchial Pneumonia
        
        🥇 FIRST LINE 🥇
        beta lactams
        A C
        
        Outpatient: Amoxicillin
        
        Inpatient: Amoxicillin + Azithromycin (macrolide)
        
        HAP/VAP + Aspiration pn..: Amoxicillin + clavulanate
        
        MRSA risk: Ceftaroline fosamil (5th gen cephalosporin)
        
        ALTERNATIVE
        
        ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)
        
        levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
        
        Imipenem/cilastatin (carbapenems)
        
        ADR: Anaphylaxis
        
        DDI: cephalosporins not to take w/ alcohol (head spinning 🥴🍾)
        
        Safe for preggo:
        
        amoxicilin 🤰🏻
      - Viral Pneumonia
    - - Primary TB
        
        Miliary TB
      - Secondary TB
      - RIPES
        
        Rifampicin ♀
        
        MOA: binds to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase => suppresses RNA synthesis
        
        ADR:
        
        picin’ orange, crying orange, sweating orange
        
        🥩 liver toxic
        
        not allowed for baby related activities (preggo and COC)
        
        preggo lady pees a lot, women cries a lot
        
        Isoniazid
        
        MOA: inhibits mycolic acid synthesis needed for cell wall
        
        ADR:
        
        🥩 liver toxic,
        
        🔌 nerve toxic (peripheral neuritis)
        
        give pyridoxine
        
        Pyrazinamide
        
        MOA: disrupts cell membrane metabolism and transport function
        
        ADR:
        
        hyperuricemia
        
        🥩 liver toxic
        
        Ethambutol
        
        MOA: inhibits arabinosyl transferase III => disruption of cell wall assembly
        
        ADR:
        
        👁 Eye toxic (optic neuritis)
        
        🥜 excreted unchanged => beware of renal insufficiency pt.
        
        Streptomycin
        
        ADR
        
        👂 ear toxic (ototoxicity)
        
        🥜 nephrotoxicity
      - Atypical TB
        (immunosuppressed ppl)
        
        Immunosuppressed ppl needs extra CARE
        Clarithromycin/Azithromycin + Rifampicin + Ethambutol
  - - - Acute attack: Salbutamol (SABA)
        
        ADR: Tremor & palpitations (B2 agonist)
        
        Severe attack: add Ipratropium bromide (M3)
        
        Control medication:
        
        1st: ICS → Beclomethasone
        
        2nd: Salmeterol (LABA)
        
        Still not controlled: add other drugs
        
        Omalizumab (Anti IgE therapy)
        
        Theophylline
        
        Leukotriene-i
        
        Prophylaxis:
        
        "-lukast" drugs: Montelukast (Leukotriene-i)
        
        Ipratropium bromide (M3)
        
        Cromolyn sodium
      - ❌Contraindication: Beta-blockers esp. propanolol
    - - antihistamine (-dine)
        
        Phenylephrine (a1 agonist)
  - - - Leptospirosis
- - - - Sialolithiasis
      - Sialadenitis
        
        Mucoule
      - Ranula
    - - Benign
        
        Warthin Tumor
        
        Pleomorphic Adenoma
      - Malignant
        
        Mucoepidermoid
        
        Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
  - - - Phenoxybenzamine (irreversibly block a1 & a2)
    - - Central Obesity
  - - - Hyperthyroidism
        
        Grave's Disease
      - Hypothyroidism
        
        Hashimoto Thyroiditis
    - - Simple Diffuse Goiter
      - Multinodular Goiter
      - Thyroglossal Cyst
    - - Papillary Carcinoma
      - Follicular Adenoma
      - Medullary Carcinoma
      - Follicular Carcinoma
  - - - Prolactin
        
        Hyperprolactinemia
      - Growth Hormone (GH)
        
        Drawfism
        
        Pygimes
        
        Laron type
        
        GH Deficiency
        
        Gigantism
        
        Acromegaly
      - ACTH
        
        Cushing's Syndrome
        
        Addison's Disease
      - TSH
        
        Secondary Hyperthyroidism
        
        First Line:
        
        Thioamides
        
        MOA: ❌ Oxidation, Organification, Coupling
        
        Drugs
        
        if ❌🤰 → Carbimazole 🥇
        
        If 🤰✨ → Propylthiouracil
        
        ADR: agranulocytosis → ↑ risk of infections
        
        Propanolol
        
        controls symptoms (tremors, palpitations, sweating, anxiety)
        
        Alternative:
        
        Iodine I131 radiotherapy ❌🤰 →
        
        ADR: hypothyroidism → requires levothyroxine to compensate
        
        Secondary Hypothyroidism
        
        First line:
        
        Levothyroxine 🥇
        
        T4 (four levo) → T3
        
        longer half life but less potent
        
        less expensive
        
        less cardiotoxic
        
        Severe cases (myxoedema coma):
        
        Liothyronine
        
        T3 (three lio)
        
        shorter half life but more potent
    - - ADH
        
        SIADH
        
        Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
- - - - Polycythemia Vera
      - Essential Thrombocythemia
      - Primary Myelofibrosis
      - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    - - Multiple Myeloma
      - MGUS
  - - - Hypoproliferative Anaemia
        
        Folate Deficiency
        
        Aplastic Anaemia
        
        B12 Deficiency
        
        Iron Deficiency Anemia
        
        Oral intake
        
        ferrous-
      - Hemolytic Anaemia
        
        G6PD
        
        Sickle Cell Anaemia
        
        Beta Thalassemia
        
        Microangiopathic (MAHA)
        
        Autoimmune (AIHA)
        
        Cold AIHA
        
        Warm AIHA
        
        Paroxysmal Nocturnal HA
    - - Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
      - Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
      - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
      - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
  - - - Spleenomegaly
    - - Lymph Circulation
        
        Filariasis
        
        Elephantiasis
      - Lymph Node
        
        Lymphadenitis
        
        Lymphadenopathy
      - Neoplasm
        
        Hodgkin's Lymphoma
        
        Nodular Sclerosing HL
        
        Lymphocyte Rich HL
        
        Mixed Cellularity HL
        
        Lymphocyte Depleted HL
        
        Nodular Lymphocytic Predominant HL
        
        Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
        
        Burkitt's Lymphoma
        
        CLL
        
        ALL
    - - Associated w ALL
- - - - Platelet Disorders
        
        Thrombocytopenia
      - Coagulation Disorders
        
        Hemophilia A
        
        Hemophilia B
        
        vWF disease
      - Hyperlipidemia
      - Thrombus
        
        Venous Thrombus
        
        Deep Vein Thrombosis
        
        Arterial Thrombus
        
        Peripheral Artery Disease
      - Embolism
        
        Pulmonary Embolism
    - - Blood Pressure
        
        Hypertension
        
        Hypertension
        
        Pregnancy Related
        
        Pre-eclampsia
        
        Hypertensive Retinopathy
        
        Kidney Related
        
        Glomerulonephritis
        
        Polycystic Kidney Disease
        
        Diabetes Mellitus Nephropathy
        
        Malignant HTN
        
        Fibrinoid Necrosis
        
        Postural or Orthostatic Hypotension
        
        🥇 Fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid)
        
        Midodrine (a1 agonist)
        
        Phenylephrine (a1 agonist)
        
        Shock
        
        Distributive
        
        Anaphylactic
        
        Adrenaline / Epinephrine
        
        Hypovolumic
        
        Cardiogenic
        
        Dopamine
        
        Septic
        
        Noradrenaline / Norepinephrine
      - Atheroscelerosis
        
        Thrombus
        
        Thromboembolism
      - Arterioscelerosis
        
        Hylaine
        
        Hyperplastic
      - Aneurysm
        
        True Aneurysm
        
        Pseudoaneurysm
        
        Berry Aneurysm
      - Peripheral Artery Disease
  - - - Duration
    - - Rheumatic Heart Disease
      - Stenosis
        
        Mitral
        
        Aortic
      - Regurgitation
        
        Mitral
        
        Aortic
    - - Hypertrophic
      - Restrictive
      - Dilated
    - - Left-Sided HF
      - Right-Sided HF
      - Congestive HF
    - - Eccentric (Decompensated)
      - Cocentric (Compensated)
    - - Ventricular Septal Defect
      - Atrial Septal Defect
      - Tetralogy of Fallot
      - Transposition of the Great Vessels
      - Patent Ductus Arteriosus
      - Coarctation of the Aorta
        
        Infant
        
        Adult
    - - Angina
    - - Both Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias
        
        Class IA: Quinidine
        
        Class IC: Flecainide
        
        Class II: Beta-blockers (propanolol)
        
        Class III: Amiodarone
        
        ADR: corneal opacity & grey-blue skin discoloration
        
        DDI w/ Digoxin & Warfarin
        
        Some (I) Block (II) Potassium (III) Channels (IV)
      - Atrial Arrhythmias
        
        Class IV: Non-DHP group calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil and diltiazem)
        
        Miscellaneous:
        
        Adenosine
        
        bronchospasm → ❌ asthma & COPD
        
        Digoxin
      - Ventricular Arrhythmias
        
        Class IB: Lidocaine
      - Bradyarrhythmias
        
        Atropine
      - Torsades de Pointes
        
        Magnesium sulphate
- - - - Rubella
      - Chicken Pox
        
        Shingles
      - Hand Mouth Foot Disease
      - Measles
    - - Scalded Skin Syndrome
      - Erysipelas
      - Cellulitis
      - Lyme Disease
      - Scarlett Fever
      - Secondary Syphilis
      - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
      - Epidemic Typhus
      - Scrub Typhus
      - Endemic Typhus
      - Toxic Shock Syndrome
    - - Tinea
      - Candidiasis
    - - Helminth
        
        Filariasis
        
        Elephantiasis
        
        Cutaneous Lava Margins (Creeping Eruption)
        
        Onchocerciasis
        
        Swimmer's Itch