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Blood and immune system, blood-cells-platelets-white-red-formed-elements…

- - - - erythrocytes
        
        erythro- red -cytes -cells
    - - Leuko white cytes cells
    - - thrombocytes
        
        clot forming cells, thrombo clot cytes cells
    - - liquid in which blood floats
    - - white blood cells of immune system
        
        immuno immune
      - function to keep the body and fight infection and germs
      - lymph node clusters
        
        located throught the body
        
        carry lymph fluid
        
        contains germ fighting cells
      - lmphatic organs
        
        tonsils
        
        spleen
        
        thymus
      - lmphatic system
        
        tonsils
        
        protect agaisnt germs entering the nose and mouth
        
        tonsilo
        
        tonsillitis inflammation of the tonsils
        
        spleen
        
        recycles and breaks apart worn out red blood cells
        
        spleno
        
        splenomegaly - enlargement of the spleen
        
        thymus
        
        involved in immune system development
        
        thymo
        
        thymoma tumor of the thymus
  - - - counts RBCs , WBCCs, and platlets
      - WBC - white blood cell
      - RBC
        
        Red blood count
        
        Hct - hematocrit
        
        hgb or HB - hemoglobin
    - - ALL
        
        acute lymphocytic leukemia
      - CLL
        
        Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia
      - AML
        
        acute myeloid leukemia
      - CML
        
        chronic myeloid leukemia
      - AIDS
        
        acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      - HIV
        
        human immunodeficiency virus
- - - - supply all of the tissues with oxygen
        
        remove and transport waste products away from our tissues
    - - protect us from external invaders such as bacteria and viruses and help prevent rouge cells from developing internally**
        
        acctually leave the blood stream and check all areas of our body
        
        more than 90% of our white blood v=cells are found outside of our blood vessles in the tissues of lyphoid organs and lymphatic vessels
    - - help our blood clot and prevent us from bleeding too much when a blood vessel is injured
        
        90% water and 10% other stuff
    - - a protein made in out liver which helps to keep our blood in the blood vessles instead of leaking out into the tissues
    - - helps to form blood cots and control bleeding
    - - the average man has 5-6 liters of blood
      - the average woman has 4-5 liters of blood
      - color determines its oxygen content
        
        low is dark red
        
        high is bright red
    - - normal hematocrit value around 45%
        
        men avergae 47%
  - - - 55 % of the total blood sample
    - - about 45% of the test tube, sink to the botton=m after centerfuge
    - - this isna thin layer that will seperate our red blood cells from the plasma
  - - - marrow cavity
        
        medullary cavity the hallow space inside our bones
        
        red bone marrow working narrow cavities filled with blood forming cells
      - yellow bone marow
        
        fatty marrow which replaces red bone marrow later in life
        
        in adults red bone marrow is mainly found in the
        
        pelvic girdle
        
        Sternum
        
        vertebrae
        
        ends of long bones
    - - the formation of blood cells and their components
        
        Erythropoietin
        
        EPO
        
        horemone that influneces the deveolopment of red blood cels
        
        leads to an increas in immature red blood cells within 1-2 days
        
        immature blood cells
        
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      - hemo- blood poiesis - formation
    - - blood stem cells wer ethe first stem cells to be identified in the 1960s
        
        blood stem cells like other stem cells can renew or produce diofferent specilaized cells
        
        Red blood cells
        
        white blood cells
        
        platelets
    - - erythro - red -poiesis formation
    - - thromb - clot
    - - blood doping
        
        aomtimes EPO is ussed illegally as a perferormance enhancing drug
        
        EPO will stimulate the bone marrow and make ore red bloood cells
    - - red blood cells also require raw materials for their production
        
        onr red bone marrow needs certain vitamins and minerals to make healthy red blood cells
        
        vitamins
        
        b12
        
        b12 and folic acid produe the genetic material required to make a red blood cell
        
        iron
        
        helps to form protien molecule hemoglobin inside the red blood cell
        
        folic acid
  - - - erythrocytes
        
        aother name for red blood cells RBC
        
        these are the most common blood cells
        
        we have approximaetly 5 million red blood cells per microliter of blood
        
        a microliter is smalltet than a drop of blood
        
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        red color comes from the protein inside them
      - deoygeneration
        
        the process by which erythrocytes release oxygen to the tissues
      - deoxyhemoglobin
        
        dark red deoxygenated hemoglobin
        
        Hb
      - leukocytes
        
        another name for white blood cells```
        
        much fewer in number compared to the RBC`
        
        an essential part of our immune system
        
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      - leukocycosis
        
        the number of leukocytes increase unexpectedly
        
        Leuko white cyto cell osis abnormal condition
      - the number of leukocytes decreases below normal
        
        leuko white penia deficiency
        
        caused by drug therepy
        
        granlococytes and agranulocytes
        
        Granulocytes leukocytes with granules
        
        Neutrophils
        
        type of wbc that has lilac granuels in their cytoplasm
        
        distinct nuclei which can take many different shapes
        
        formely called polymorphonuclears (PMNs)
        
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        are very phagocytic towards bacteria
        
        phagocytic able to take in bacteria and desroy them
        
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        consist of three subpopulations
        
        neitrophils
        
        eosinophils
        
        basophils
        
        agranulocytes leukocytes without granules
        
        a - without
        
        consist of two subpopulations
        
        lymphocytes
        
        monocytes
        
        Eosinophilis
        
        Granulocyte wbc with red staining gradules in their cytoplasm
        
        nuclei have 2 segments or lobes
        
        help and digest parasitic worms
        
        granulocyte wbc that has dark blue purplish black granules in their cytoplasm
        
        these granules are full of histamine and other mediators of inflammation
        
        increase with an inflammatory reaction
        
        lymphocytes
        
        these agranulocyte wbc can be identified by their large dark purple nucleus that is surrounded by a very thin rim of blue cytoplasm**
        
        the second most common type of wbc most lymphocytes are found in our lymphoid tissue
        
        t lymphocytes
        
        b lymphocytes
        
        monocytes
        
        these agranulocyte wbc are the largest of the leukocytes
        
        mono one
        
        monocytes have 1 large horse shoe shaped nucleus
        
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        thrombocytes
        
        also called platelets are also called thrombocytes
        
        thrombo clot
        
        megakaryocyte large cell in bone marrow
        
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- - - - hematocrit
        
        hemoglobin
        
        white blood celll
        
        platelets
    - - 43-52%
        
        14-18 g/dL
        
        4800-10800
        
        4000,000-450,000
  - - - hermatocrit
        
        hemoglobin
        
        white blood cells
        
        platelets
    - - 37-47%
        
        12-16 g/dL
        
        4800-10,800
        
        400,000-450,000
  - - - lymphocyte
        
        monocyte
        
        eosinphil
        
        basophil
    - - 25-40%
        
        3-8 %
        
        2-4%
        
        0.5-1%
- - - - the platelets stick tot he exposed collagen fibers and send out chemical signals to attract other nearby platlets to the plug
    - - blood clotting
  - - - together the form the final boood clot