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Sociology of Scientific Knowledge - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Capitalism affect the direction of science but not the objectiveness of science (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 702)
      - They believe in economic determinism (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 702)
  - - - As norms in scientific community, they safeguard science from politics and culture (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 704)
        
        Same as Marxism, Mertonian school does not question the objectivity of science (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought")
    - - The prediction of science become valid because the prediction itself change the society (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 706)
    - - A well-known scientist can publish his paper easier that the lesser-known one (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 706)
- - - - Define social interest: "a variety of different forms - personal, group, professional, class, national" (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 710)
        
        "not everything that is social can be couched in interest terms, and even that there are some factors affecting scientists' beliefs that are not social" (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 711)
    - - (1) seeks the cause of those beliefs, (2) is impartial and symmetric about the truth ot falsity of those beliefs, (3) is willing to apply the same causal argument to one's own work (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought")
  - - - Two problems of SSK
        
        Reflexibility: SSK itself is social determined. Then why should we believe in SSK.
        
        The response from Strong Program
        
        It is ok to say SSK itself is social determined? (I don't understand) (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 718)
        
        Barnes & Bloor (1982) Relativism, Rationalism and the Sociology of Knowledge
        
        The response from hyper-relativity school
        
        It is ok to say so because it open an opportunities to further discuss about the academic discourse. Academic discourse is just like a game now. (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 719)
        
        Ashmore, Malcolm. 1989. The Reflexive Thesis: Wrighting the Sociology of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
        
        The rebuttal within SSK
        
        2 more items...
        
        Woolgar, Steve (1992) Some Remarks about Positionism: A Reply to Collins and Yearley
        Woolgar, Steve (1988) Knowledge and Reflexivity: New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: SAGE.
        
        Relativism: Science is relative
        
        The response from Strong Program
        
        It is ok to embrace relativism when relativism means science only rational in our own believe system. (Hands, 1998, "Conjectures and Reputations: The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and the History of Ecnomic Thought", P. 718)
        
        The response from hyper-relativity school
      - No tight priors: no general theory (then how can it be my theoretical framework)
- - - - Discuss the application of SSK in a general level:
        Coats (1993a) The Sociology of Knowledge and the History of Economics
        Coats (1993a) The Sociology of Science: Its Application to Economics
        Hands (1994a) The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: Some Thoughts on the Possibilities
      - Works on one particular one sociologist or economist:
        0111 Davis (1997) New Economics and Its History: a Pickering View
        0110 Hands (1994b) Restabilizing Dynamics: Construction and Constraint in the History of Walrasian Stability Theory
      - Historian work on History of Economic Thought:
        Hands and Mirowski (1996) Harold Hotelling and the Neoclassical Dream
        Mirowski (1989) More Heat Than Light
        0112 Weintraub (1991) Stabilizing Dynamics: Constructing Economic Knowledge (the most-consciously social constructivist book in the history of economic thought is Roy Weintraub's Stabilizing Dynamics)
        Roy and Mirowski (1994) The Pure and the Applied: Bourbakism Comes to Mathematical Ecocomics
      - Marxist approach:
        Bukharin (1927) Economics Theory of the Leisure Class
      - Context-sensitive histories of economic thought:
        Mitchell’s Types of Economic Theory (1967)
        Schumpeter’s History of Economics Analysis (1954)
- - - - "the processes by which any body of 'knowledge' comes to be socially established as 'reality'" (P. 14)
        
        What is the reality of everydaylife?
        
        "The world of everyday life is structured both spatially and temporally." (P. 40)
        
        "Temporality is an intrinsic property of consciousness." (P. 41)
        
        What is the Social Interaction in Everyday Life?