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Unit 4 Bio, image, image, image, image, image, image, image - Coggle…
Unit 4 Bio
Passive Diffusion (Facilitated): Facilitated diffusion is used when molecules are too big or charged, and cannot just simply pass through the membrane. Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein. This moves molecules with the concentration gradient.
Passive Diffusion (Simple Diffusion): Simple diffusion requires no energy and no transport or channel proteins. This is when small, uncharged molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to slip through the membrane into the cell. This moves molecules with the concentration gradient.
Facilitated (Channel Mediated): This just means that a channel protein is required. (Channel Mediated is used for glucose.)
Facilitated (Carrier Mediated): This means that a signal is required to transport the specific protein. It only opens one side at a time.
Osmosis Concentration Gradient: In Osmosis, the water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Hypotonic: Solvent concentration is low , cell concentration is high. Water moves into the cell and the cell swells up and bursts.
Hypertonic: Solvent concentration is high, cell concentration is low. Water moves out of the cell and the cell shrivels up and shrinks.
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Vesicle Transport: Vesicle Transport happens when a substance that is too big to work with Facilitated diffusion must get into the cell. It cannot fit into a transport protein. This is a form of Active Transport as it requires energy.
Endocytosis: The vesicles (phospholipid bilayer) wrap around the substance and bring it INTO the cell.
Exocytosis: Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and take contents OUT of the cell. Used to take waste, or valuable things that are needed outside of the cell, out.
Proteins: Proteins allow molecules that are too big, or charged to move in and out of cells. They also allow molecules to move against the concentration gradient. Proteins are used in Active and Facilitated transport.
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Active Diffusion: This is when a cell moves against the concentration gradient. (low to high concentration.) This requires energy and a transport protein.
Water: Water can move straight through the phospholipid bilayer, since it is small, but it is also charged, which makes it move very slowly and difficultly. There are special channel proteins called aquaporins that exclusively move water in and out of the cell. This is channek mediated diffusion.
Diffusion Concentration Gradient: Passive: moves with the gradient (high to low)
Active: moves against the gradient (low to high)
Plant cell walls and vacuoles: Plant vacuoles store water. Cell wall provides support and protection against osmotic stress. Water moves into the cell and makes the cell vacuole swell up and press against the cell wall. The pressure that is exerted is TURGOR PRESSURE and turgor pressure keeps the plant from wilting. Cell wall and vacuole keep the plant standing straight.
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