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Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
Inheritance
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Nucleus of diploid cell contains 2 sets of chromosomes
At meiosis, 1 member of each chromosome pair segregates to each daughter cell
Chromosomes replicated and passed from parent to offspring
Gametes are haploid cells
Chromosome contain genetic material
Pedigree Analysis of Human Traits
Disease genes can be recessive, dominant, autosomal, sex-linked (X or Y)
disease in both genders
autosomal of X-linked
male carrying disease and no symptoms
autosomal
descendant and 1 parent sick
dominant (1 allele enough)
descendant sick parents normal
recessive
Males are hemizygous for X-linked genes
Genetics & Probability
Probability (chance of the occurrence of event)
Sample size
Product rule (2 or more independent events occur)
Sum rule (1 or more mutually exclusive events occur)
Mendel's Experiment
used Pisum sativum
self-fertilizing
flowers cross easily
variable traits
Single-factor cross
F1 generation (dominant trait)
F2 generation (recessive appears)
P generation (true breeding)
Mendel's ideas
gene has 2 forms (alleles)
copies of genes segregate during transmission
traits are dominant & recessive
Two-factor cross
2 different traits
determine linkage
Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation
Molecular Basis of Different Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
heterozygous shows intermediate phenotype
neither allele is dominant
Codominance
multiple alleles
phenotype depends on the alleles inherited
Simple Mendelian
recessive does not affect phenotype of heterozygous
1 copy of dominant produces enough functional proteins
Punnett Square
Genotype (genetic composition)
Phenotype (physical characteristics)
Test-cross (unknown genotype crossed with homozygous recessive)
