Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
5b. Avoiding Adverse Conditions - Coggle Diagram
5b. Avoiding Adverse Conditions
Migration
The regular movement by the members of species from one place to another over a relatively long distance.
Why migrate?? ---> To avoid conditions of metabolic adversity caused by shortage of food and low temperatures.
Studying Migratory Behaviour
Tagging
This tag attached to the underside hind wing of a Monarch butterfly carries a code which has been entered into a database
If the tag is recovered later, the route and distance covered by the butterfly can be discovered.
Tracking using transmitters
Lightweight transmitters are glued to the animal's body or implanted under its skin.
Transmitter emits signals that are picked up by receivers on satellites.
Excellent for tracing migratory routes used by birds and sea mammals (whales and seals).
But expensive and may cause drag on some small birds
Individual Marking
Ringing (or banding) uses a metal band with the bird’s unique number attached to the bird’s leg.
Can provide useful information if the bird is recaptured and the information is reported.
Innate and learned influences on
migratory behaviour
Innate Behavour
Inherited and inflexible
Plays a primary role in migratory behaviour
Performed in same way by every member of species.
Occurs in response to an external stimulus such as a change in photoperiod.
Learned Behaviour
Begins after birth and gained by experience.
Flexible and a result of trial and error and relearning from members of a social group.
Plays a secondary role in migratory behaviour.
Factors that Trigger Migration
The trigger for migration vary between species, but current research suggests that the following are important:
Changing Day Length, Temperature, Change in Food Availability, Genetic Factors
Changes in migratory patterns are giving scientists insights into the impacts of climate change