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Evolution and Population Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Evolution and Population Genetics
Population and Evolutionary Genetics
the study of the genetic
composition of populations and how this changes over time
Evolution
he change in the inherited characteristics (traits) of groups
of organisms (populations) over the course of generations (time)
reflect changes in the genetic composition (i.e., allele
and genotype frequencies) of a population over time.
Changes in allele (and genotype) frequencies represent evolution on the
smallest scale (microevolution).
individual organisms do not evolve, populations of organisms
evolve over time
Population
a localised group of individuals belonging to the same
species that exhibit reproductive continuity from generation to
generation.
Species
a group of populations whose members can interbreed and
produce fertile offspring (but cannot produce viable offspring with
members of another species).
Darwin
‘The Origin of Species'
Central Idea 1: Descent with Modification
Organisms are adapted to their environments, BUT despite this
organisms share biological characteristics
‘Unity of life’
all species being descended from a
distant common ancestor
Species diversity has been modified from ancestral forms and
shaped over geological time
Closely related species share biological characteristics
distantly related species are biologically less similar
Central Idea 2: Natural Selection
Natural selection – the mechanism that drives evolution
Individual organisms within a population exhibit differences in
their inherited traits
Differences in inherited traits determine the ability of individual
organisms to survive and reproduce in different environments
Those with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more
successfully (fitter individuals)
Fitter individuals will transmit advantageous traits to offspring.
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Gradually, over time, the number of individuals with
advantageous traits increases in the population and the
population becomes more adapted to the environment
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