Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Neurons Elizabeth Martinez Period:2 - Coggle Diagram
Neurons Elizabeth Martinez Period:2
Tissues (structure & function of neurons and neuroglia):
Neurons: Nerve tissue
Cell Body has nucleus and cytoplasm, axons that transmit information away from the nucleus, dendrites receive messages from other neurons
Neuroglia:
Sub-classified to CNS to PNS. Provide homeostasis, structural, and metabolic support of neurons, to meylinate their axons to ensure rapid signal transmission and to be the main defensive
Reflex arc (major parts & functions):
Interneuron: From the first signal this neuron moves it on to the motor neuron.
Effector: Responds to the stimulation or the signal.
Receptor: Receives the stimulation. Sensory receptors send the signal forward.
Cranial Nerves:
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Optic
Trigeminal
Olfacotry
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
Major parts and functions of the brain:
Occipital:
Vision, color perception
Temporal:
Understanding language, behavior, memory, hearing
Parietal:
Knowing right from left, sensation, reading, body orientation
Cerebellum:
Balance, coordination and control of voluntary movement, fine muscle movement
Frontal:
Problem solving, emotional traits, reasoning, speaking, voluntary motor activity
Brain stem:
Breathing, body temp, digestion, alertness/sleep, swallowing.
Major Functions of the nervous system:
Controlling, regulating, and communication throughout the body.
Neurotransmitters: Carry signals from a nerve cell to the next target cell.
Serotonin: Well-being, happiness. Helps sleep cycle and digestive system regulation.
Glutamate: Learning and memory. Regulates development and creation of nerve contacts.
Dopamine: Feelings of pleasure/addiction. Movement and motivation
Acetylcholine: Involved in thought, learning and memory. Also in attention and awakening.
Spinal Nerves:
(12)Thoracic:
T1-T6: Intercoastals and trunk above the waist
T7-L1: Abdominal muscles
(5)Lumbar: (5)Sacral:
L2-L4: Adduct thigh; Extend leg at the knee
L4, L5, S1: Abduct thigh; Flex leg at the knee, extend toes
L1-L4: Flex hip joint
L5,S1,S2: Extend leg at hip; flex foot and toes.
(8)Cervical:
C3-C5: Supply diaphragm
C5,C6: Move shoulder, raise arm, flex elbow
C1-T1: Neck Extensions
C1-C6: Neck flexors
C7,C8: Flex wrist; supply small muscles of hand
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord:
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical
Functions:
Maintains balance, and keeps us upright.
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system (include all subdivisions of CNS
and PNS):
CNS:
Brain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Spinal Cord
PNS:
Autonomic:
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Somatic:
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system:
Sympathetic:Fight or flight response. Active when under stress or worry.
Parasympathetic: Active during rest and digest
Action potential & the Nerve Impulse:
electrical charge that travels along the membrane of a neuron
Classification of neurons:
Sensory neuron (unipolor)
Bipolar
Motor Neuron (Multipolor
Pseudounipolar
Interneuron (multipolar)
Disorders/Diseases:
Spinal Cord Injury: Damage to the spinal cord.
Weakness, Pain and/or numbness, paralysis
Surgery, Bed rest, Physical therapy
Direct injury or disease, Fluid build-up around spinal cord, Common in men 15-35
Meningitis: Infection in meninges surrounding the brain
Nausea & vomiting, Fever & chills, Irritation
Antibiotics, Meds to treat symptoms, Prevention w/vaccination
Tumors, Fungi or parasites, Drug allergies
Alzheimer's Disease: Form of dementia associated with age
Hereditary, Family history, Age over 60
Memory loss, Confusion/disorienting, unfounded suspicious
Uncurable, Medication, Stem cells
Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath
Muscle weakness, Incontinence, Memory loss
No known cure, Meds to slow, Steroid treatment
Hereditary, family history, Environmental factors
Autism: Brain disorder that makes it difficult to communicate.
Family history, Hereditary, Mostly Males
Anxiety, Depression, Repeated behavior
Medication, coping skills, Anxiety management
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke): Occurs when blood flow to a portion of the brain is halted.
Sever headaches, confusion/memory loss, Change in alertness.
Hospitalization, Blood thinners, Stroke rehibiltation
Blood vessel bursts, Diabetes, High cholesterol
Drugs of abuse (Mouse Party):
Ectasy
Ectasy mimics serotonin
Taken in by transporters, end up taking out serotonin out of cell. Serotonin binds to receptors over stimulation of cell.
Mood is affected, sleep, perception, and appetite
Marijuana
THC mimics anadamine binds to cannabinoid receptors letting dopamine to squirt out
Slowing down movement, making us feel relaxed and calm
Has THC wich mimics anadamine binds to cannainoid receptors letting dopamine to squirt out
Heroine
Binds to opiate receptors, turning off dopamine inhibition. Lets dopamine be released in synapse.
Affects the pain feeling, giving immediate sedation and well-being
Heroin mimics natural opiates
Metamphetamine
Taken into cell by dopamine transporters. Meth forces it's way in vesicles forcing dopamine out. Excess dopamine is taken out binds to receptors.
Highly addictive making user feel intense pleasure and exhilaration
Mimics dopamine
Alcohol
GABA receptors makes more inhibitory. Binds to glutamate receptors prevents exciting the cell.
Memory formation, decision making and impulse control
Interferes with GABA receptors
Cocaine
Having dopamine binding again and again to receptors over stimulating the cell
Active in part of brain controlling voluntary movement. Causing to be fidgety unable to be still.
Blocks the transporters
LSD
LSD binds to the receptors and particular receptors not always the same way. Sometimes inhibited or excited. Affects in different ways.
Can affect feelings of wakefulness and evoking a startle response.
Acts almost exclusively on serotinin receptors