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Kohlberg - Coggle Diagram
Kohlberg
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procedure
- every boy was presented with moral dilemmas every 3 years during this time
- using the answers the boys gave, Kohlberg ranked them in six categories 91 being the least morally developed to 6 being the most) if about 50% of their responses to any of these moral concepts fall into that stage
- this formed his theory of stages of moral development
findings
pre-conventional
- Obedience and punishment orientation: The child is responsive to cultural norms but able to behave in an immoral way if authority structure is missing
- Self-interest orientation: The child behaves in a self-centred way
conventional
- Conformity to expectations and rules 'good boy good girl': Child is now seeking approval from others and begins to consider the intention of the act
- Authority and social order orientation: The child sees right behaviour as duty to show respect and maintain social order
post-conventional
- social contract orientation: Child now does what is right based on law plus personal values and opinions. Sees laws as changeable.
- Universal ethical principles: Child now bases judgment on universal human rights of justice, equality, reciprocity and respect for the individual
evaluation
ethics
how, in terms of ethics, can Kohlberg's research be criticised?
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how, in terms of ethics, can Kohlberg's research be defended?
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validity
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external validity: does a person's response to a moral dilemma reflect how they would act in this situation if it happened for real?
how you respond to a hypothetical dilemma may not be how you respond if you were actually in the scenario
background
- The psychodynamic perspective would explain morality in terms of the development of a superego
- The behaviourist perspective can explain morality in various ways but one would be as a consequence of children
- Jean Piaget put forward a cognitive account of moral development to do with the ways in which children think. He theorised that there were two levels of moral thinking:
heteronomous moral thinking weights the outcome of the action to determine how bad it is. The higher the magnitude of the consequences, the worse the action is and the worse the person should be punished
autonomous moral reasoning takes into account the intent of the person committing the action. The worse the person's intentions were, the worse they should be punished for their actions
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aim
Kohlberg wanted to provide research that would pick up his theory of moral development inspired by Piaget.
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