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LETTERS OF THE WAR OF THE HUNDRED YEARS, . - Coggle Diagram
LETTERS OF
THE WAR OF THE
HUNDRED YEARS
WARS AND
SOCIAL UPRISINGS
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
🇬🇧 VS 🇫🇷 1337→ Edward III claims throne 🇫🇷
War continues; interruption tragic events (bubonic plague 1348)
👑 🇬🇧 Henry VI→ 🇫🇷 🏆 (Joan of Arc)
hunt 🇬🇧 1453→ lost everything except Calais
Religious and social revolt.
Opposition to Church second half 14th (John Wycliffe).
→ Pope supremacy attack; relic worship and 💰 the masses.
→ 1st Bible 🏛 ➡️ 🇬🇧
→ Lollard heresy
1381 popular uprising (Peasants' Revolt).
Wars of the Roses (1454-85).
late Middle Ages→ civil war 1454 - 85 (York VS Lancaster) War of the 🌹
Wars 🏆 by Henry Tudor, Lancaster dynasty, defeated Richard III, 👑 Yorkist.
→ the Renaissance.
THE BLACK DEATH
Bubonic plague→ pandemic;
origin Central Asia and 🇨🇳. 🇬🇧 1348
chicken, black rats infested trading ships.
"Black Death"→ dark body after 💀.
People leave 🏙 ➡ countryside.
Ignorance increases fear and terror.
Yersinia pestis= plague bacillus.
THE FRENCH
INFLUENCE
new culture and literature in English
Norman Conquest→ consequences x culture 🇬🇧
→ refined civilization and language 🇫🇷
Old English spoken by common people, literature in French and Latin.
English literature reappears late 12th (popular origin)
The ideal of chivalry
"chivalry"→ Latin caballerius
chivalric code: knightly and sovereign loyalty,
courage 💀 and code ❤️ x woman
THE LANGUAGE
The three phases of the English language
Three periods:
→ Old Eng.
→ Middle Eng.
→ Modern Eng.
Old English
**
Germanic language + few Latin words.
A strange-looking language
Runes= letters ancient alphabet of German and Scandinavian tribes.
FROM OLD
ENGLISH TO
MIDDLE ENGLISH
Middle English
less difficult; difficulty= spelling
spelling system= phonetic
same English?
The English of The Canterbury Tales is recognizable as "English".
MIDDLE ENGLISH LYRICS AND BALLADS
Oral tradition.
Poems were recited and moved around the courts.
We do not know the date and authors of the poems.
Epic poetry.
the king aspired to practical success
and lasting fame.
Through glorious deeds
Alliteration, nods and riddles.
Alliteration= 🗣️🔔🔔 • Kenning
Medieval texts.
Lyric= reworking of existing themes.
Metrical features.
Stanzas were written in metrical foot patterns.
MYSTERY WORKS
AND MORAL WORKS
Medieval drama.
Drama= most popular art form.
Two forms: Mystery PlaysPlays (Bible) and Morality Plays (moral and allegorical reading)
Origins of medieval drama.
The origins of medieval drama are in ecclesiastical ceremonies
Medieval Ballads
(Robin Hood).
Characteristics of ballads
ballad→ folk poetry
metrical scheme: quatrains; rhyme abcb or abab, with 4 bars
the guilds
or corporstion
↓
play
→ church drama
during the day
on floas/carts (pageants) + tow-livel stage
actors= citizens by trades; every guilds contributed according to their crafts
participatory drama= alla citizens weren't only spectator
EVERY MAN
(Anonymous)
+famous moral drama
Everyman→ "every man";
allegorical characters.
.