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Humanistic approach - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Free will is an important factor in humanism and forms the basis for the theory that people have choice over their actions.
  - - - The humanistic approach looks at free will, which is that humans choose how to behave.
  - - - A person will see themselves in two ways: the way they are currently (self-concept) and the way they want to be (ideal self).
        
        A person who has fulfilled their potential and is their ideal self is said to have achieved self-actualisation. They are congruent.
        
        If a person has a disconnect between their self-concept and their ideal self, they are incongruous.
  - - - An example of condition of worth is when a child is rewarded with an allowance for doing chores.
        
        At times, conditions of worth can negatively impact a person's self-concept. If a person is trying to please their parents/teachers/family, then this could stunt the development of their own personality.
  - - - An example of unconditional positive regard is person-centred therapy; this is when a therapist does not judge their patient. They only give genuine support and empathy.
  - - - Maslow is one of the most well-known proponents of humanistic psychology.
- - - - These are followed by basic needs for security and safety, the need to be loved and to have a sense of belonging, and the need to have self-worth and confidence.
        
        The top tier of the pyramid is self-actualisation, which is a need that essentially equates to achieving one's full potential.
  - - - To Maslow and humanistic theorists, self-actualisation reflects the humanistic emphasis on positive aspects of human nature.
        
        Maslow suggested that this is an ongoing, lifelong process and that only a small percentage of people actually achieve a self-actualised state.
  - - - They perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty
      - Acceot themselves and others for what they are
      - Spontaneous in thought and action
      - Problem centred (not self-centred)
      - Unusual sense of humour
      - Able to look at life objectively
      - Highly creative
      - Resistant to enculturation, but not purposely unconventional
      - Concerned for the welfare of humanity
      - Capable of deep appreciation of basic life-experiences
      - Establish deep satisfying interpersonal relationships with a few people
      - Peak experiences
      - Need for privacy
      - Democratic attitudes
      - String moral/ethical standards
  - - - So, for example, if someone is struggling to find enough food to meet his nutritional needs, it is quite unlikely that he would spend an inordinate amount of time thinking about whether others viewed him as a good person or not. Instead, all of his energies would be geared toward finding something to eat.
  - - - Other researcher has more recently addressed that late in life, Maslow proposed a self-transcendence level above self-actualisation - to represent striving
        for meaning and purpose beyond the concerns of oneself.
        
        Examples of self-transcendence
        
        There are many real life example of self-transcendence.
        
        For example, people may make self-sacrifices to make a political statement or to try to improve the conditions of others.
        
        Mohandas K. Gandhi, a world-renowned advocate for independence through non-violent protest, went on hunger strikes on several occasions to protest a particular situation.
        
        People may starve themselves or otherwise put themselves in danger, displaying higher-level motives beyond their own needs.