Rs end of module test
ethics
Life of Muhammad
the holy books
Zabur (Psalms) - given to Prophet Dawud
Injil (Gospel) - given to Prophet Isa
Tawrat (Torah) - given to Prophet Musa
Suhuf (scrolls) - given to Prophet Ibrahim
Qur'an - given to Prophet Muhammad
Sunni
they have 6 key beliefs
belief in one God (Allah)
belief in Gods will, God knows everuthing (Al-Qudr)
believe in Gods guidance through angels
belief in Gods guidance through holy book
belief in Gods quidance though porphets
belief in life after death (Paradise or Hell)
they believe that the successor after Muhammad should be elected, they called them the Rightly Guided Caliphs the first 4 were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali. They were all chosen by the Ummah (the community of Islam)
Shi'a
the have 5 key beliefs
belief in Adalat (Allah is just and can do no wrong)
belief in the Inamate (12 leaders from Muhammads tribe who protect the faith and were directly guided by Allah)
belief in guidance from Allah through Prophets
belief in Jundgement Day (Mua'ad)(Paradise or hell)
belief in one God (Allah)
Sufism
not a different group of muslims
the word 'Sufi' has various meanings - purity and wisdom and are two meanings
a Sufi is someone who dedicatse themselves to religious learning in order to be closer to Allah
Sufism is a very spiritual form of Islam Sufi's believe that, without it a person's religion is just practise without real feelings
they believe that this inner spirituality helps a person cope with the troubles of wordly life
5 pillars of Islam
Shahadah (faith)
there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah's messenger.
Muslims use geometric patterns instead of images
the Shahadah runs throughout a Muslims life. They are the first words whispered intothe ear of a new born and the last words said as someone dies
it also forms part of the Adhan- call to prayer
it is the first pillar because Muslims believe these words carry out the other Pillars. It is important because it is the starting stone for Islam and helps with the other pillars
Salah (prayer)
it teaches disapline - meeting correct prayer times
how to structure essay (PEEL)
write conclusion for intro
a "for" paragraph
make a point (for the question)
use some evidence
show how evidence backs up your point (this shows...)
explain a bit more (which means...)
link back to question (therefore)
a "against" paragraph
make a point (against the question)
use some evidence
show how evidence backs up your point (this shows...)
explain a bit more (which means...)
link back to the question (therefore)
PEEL
P- Point
E- Evidence
E- Explain
L- Link back to question
it also teachers humility - realising Allah is the most important figure in life
they realise and depend on Allah and are grateful for what Allah provides
Praying 5 times a day means which means their thoughts are reguarly brought back to Allah
It is important because it reminds people of Allah and what he provides
Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah)
Zakah (giving)
Sawn (fasting)
is giving to charity from your own money in Ramadan
in some Muslim countries it is collected as a tax by the government.
It should be anonamous so there is no pride in giving, people shouldn't give because it looks good, only Allah knows the amount someone gives
It is important because Muslims believe that it is a test from Allah to Judge howthey use it
they should give out Allah's money because it is only on a loan from Allah and th emoney is not really theirs.
they have to give 2.5% once all necessities are payed for
in Ramadan Muslims fast for 29-30 days, only during daylight hours though
so they get up early have a light meal then don't eat or drink for the rest of the day until night fall
Ramadan is a special month because it is the month that the Qur'an was revealed
it makes people focus on Allah.
It is important because it puts muslims in the shoes of people less fortunate than them solves
Hajj is the visit to Makkah which should be done at least once in a life time
It is important because it brings people together and makes people remember their religion and their key beliefs
By making the special journey, a Muslim comes closer to Allah
it reminds Muslims of what people have done for Allah in the past and putes them in the shoes of those people
It is a sign of dedication to travel that far
utilitarianism
a realitives theory
the outcome that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people
determines right from wrong, focusing on the outcomes
created by Jeremy Bentham
it argues that actions should be judged right or wrong by the extent they increase or decrease human well-being or 'utility'
example
its your birthday so you get to choose where your family eats, you want Italian but your family doesn't like Italian so you pick Mexican because it will make everyone happy not just you
Natural moral law
an absolutist theory
a normative ethical theory based on the belief that a Normative Ethical order to the worlde and that natural order has been designed by God
created by the ancient greeks
some important philosophers who played a role in the development of the natural law include Aristotle, Plato and Thomas Aquinas
examples
right to life (do not under any circumstances kill)
pusuit of happiness
Abortion
reasons for abortion
will badly effect someones mental or physical health
two doctors must authorise
to preevent grave permanent injury
too young
doesn't want the baby
wants to focus on career
doesn't want change in their bodies because of the pregnancy
under what circumstances is an abortion allowed
if before the 24th week of pregnancy
to prevent grave permanent injury
will seriosly effect someones physical and mental health
two doctors must authorise it first
pro life
anti abortion eg sancity or life (Catholics)
religous views
Roman Catholics
do not believe abortion is right, as they believe life begins at conception
Islam
teaches that after 4 months or pregnancy the fetus has the same rights as anyone else
Sikhism
Buddhism
teaches that everyone has a divine spark and that human life is the highest form of life on earth so abortion should not take place but there are possible exceptions
not allowed for selfish motives
pro choice
pro access abortion eg Self deteminator Bodily autonomy Quality of Life
religous views
Buddhism
believes that abortion is not allowed for slefish motives but allowed for certain situations eg. the mothers life is in danger
Sikhism
Hinduism
the church of England
Judaism
thinks it is a serious amtter but in certain situations it is acceptable
is a bit like Buddhism, they value all life but under certain circumstances are allowed
Islam
in some Islamic countries
Jewish tradition that has always been clear that abortion is not murder
only has a few exceptions where abortion is allowed eg. rape,mothers life is in danger
Euthanasia
for
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