Rs end of module test

ethics

Life of Muhammad

the holy books

Zabur (Psalms) - given to Prophet Dawud

Injil (Gospel) - given to Prophet Isa

Tawrat (Torah) - given to Prophet Musa

Suhuf (scrolls) - given to Prophet Ibrahim

Qur'an - given to Prophet Muhammad

Sunni

they have 6 key beliefs

belief in one God (Allah)

belief in Gods will, God knows everuthing (Al-Qudr)

believe in Gods guidance through angels

belief in Gods guidance through holy book

belief in Gods quidance though porphets

belief in life after death (Paradise or Hell)

they believe that the successor after Muhammad should be elected, they called them the Rightly Guided Caliphs the first 4 were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali. They were all chosen by the Ummah (the community of Islam)

Shi'a

the have 5 key beliefs

belief in Adalat (Allah is just and can do no wrong)

belief in the Inamate (12 leaders from Muhammads tribe who protect the faith and were directly guided by Allah)

belief in guidance from Allah through Prophets

belief in Jundgement Day (Mua'ad)(Paradise or hell)

belief in one God (Allah)

Sufism

not a different group of muslims

the word 'Sufi' has various meanings - purity and wisdom and are two meanings

a Sufi is someone who dedicatse themselves to religious learning in order to be closer to Allah

Sufism is a very spiritual form of Islam Sufi's believe that, without it a person's religion is just practise without real feelings

they believe that this inner spirituality helps a person cope with the troubles of wordly life

5 pillars of Islam

Shahadah (faith)

there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah's messenger.

Muslims use geometric patterns instead of images

the Shahadah runs throughout a Muslims life. They are the first words whispered intothe ear of a new born and the last words said as someone dies

it also forms part of the Adhan- call to prayer

it is the first pillar because Muslims believe these words carry out the other Pillars. It is important because it is the starting stone for Islam and helps with the other pillars

Salah (prayer)

it teaches disapline - meeting correct prayer times

how to structure essay (PEEL)

write conclusion for intro

a "for" paragraph

make a point (for the question)
use some evidence
show how evidence backs up your point (this shows...)
explain a bit more (which means...)
link back to question (therefore)

a "against" paragraph

make a point (against the question)
use some evidence
show how evidence backs up your point (this shows...)
explain a bit more (which means...)
link back to the question (therefore)

PEEL

P- Point
E- Evidence
E- Explain
L- Link back to question

it also teachers humility - realising Allah is the most important figure in life

they realise and depend on Allah and are grateful for what Allah provides

Praying 5 times a day means which means their thoughts are reguarly brought back to Allah

It is important because it reminds people of Allah and what he provides

Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah)

Zakah (giving)

Sawn (fasting)

is giving to charity from your own money in Ramadan

in some Muslim countries it is collected as a tax by the government.

It should be anonamous so there is no pride in giving, people shouldn't give because it looks good, only Allah knows the amount someone gives

It is important because Muslims believe that it is a test from Allah to Judge howthey use it

they should give out Allah's money because it is only on a loan from Allah and th emoney is not really theirs.

they have to give 2.5% once all necessities are payed for

in Ramadan Muslims fast for 29-30 days, only during daylight hours though

so they get up early have a light meal then don't eat or drink for the rest of the day until night fall

Ramadan is a special month because it is the month that the Qur'an was revealed

it makes people focus on Allah.

It is important because it puts muslims in the shoes of people less fortunate than them solves

Hajj is the visit to Makkah which should be done at least once in a life time

It is important because it brings people together and makes people remember their religion and their key beliefs

By making the special journey, a Muslim comes closer to Allah

it reminds Muslims of what people have done for Allah in the past and putes them in the shoes of those people

It is a sign of dedication to travel that far

utilitarianism

a realitives theory

the outcome that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people

determines right from wrong, focusing on the outcomes

created by Jeremy Bentham

it argues that actions should be judged right or wrong by the extent they increase or decrease human well-being or 'utility'

example

its your birthday so you get to choose where your family eats, you want Italian but your family doesn't like Italian so you pick Mexican because it will make everyone happy not just you

Natural moral law

an absolutist theory

a normative ethical theory based on the belief that a Normative Ethical order to the worlde and that natural order has been designed by God

created by the ancient greeks

some important philosophers who played a role in the development of the natural law include Aristotle, Plato and Thomas Aquinas

examples

right to life (do not under any circumstances kill)

pusuit of happiness

Abortion

reasons for abortion

will badly effect someones mental or physical health

two doctors must authorise

to preevent grave permanent injury

too young

doesn't want the baby

wants to focus on career

doesn't want change in their bodies because of the pregnancy

under what circumstances is an abortion allowed

if before the 24th week of pregnancy

to prevent grave permanent injury

will seriosly effect someones physical and mental health

two doctors must authorise it first

pro life

anti abortion eg sancity or life (Catholics)

religous views

Roman Catholics

do not believe abortion is right, as they believe life begins at conception

Islam

teaches that after 4 months or pregnancy the fetus has the same rights as anyone else

Sikhism

Buddhism

teaches that everyone has a divine spark and that human life is the highest form of life on earth so abortion should not take place but there are possible exceptions

not allowed for selfish motives

pro choice

pro access abortion eg Self deteminator Bodily autonomy Quality of Life

religous views

Buddhism

believes that abortion is not allowed for slefish motives but allowed for certain situations eg. the mothers life is in danger

Sikhism

Hinduism

the church of England

Judaism

thinks it is a serious amtter but in certain situations it is acceptable

is a bit like Buddhism, they value all life but under certain circumstances are allowed

Islam

in some Islamic countries

Jewish tradition that has always been clear that abortion is not murder

only has a few exceptions where abortion is allowed eg. rape,mothers life is in danger

Euthanasia

for

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