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EPISTEMOLOGICAL BASES, image, image, logical-positivism-6-320, image,…
EPISTEMOLOGICAL BASES
EMPIRICISM
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Theory and Practice
empirist
- Assert the independence of theory and practice.
- The rigorous observation is deemed sufficient for knowledge creation.
- The stance: facts speak independently, requiring no cognitive elaboration.
Knowledge Production
is
Derived through direct, neutral observation.
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justification is
Based on demonstrating correspondence to reality, resulting in universal laws
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LOGICAL POSTPOSITIVISM
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Research Process
- Involves generating events and facts by applying concepts and theoretical presuppositions to a specific phenomenon.
- Evaluation is based on the criteria of the mode of explanation.
- Considered corrigible and tentative, allowing for different theories explaining the same phenomenon.
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Experimental Situation:
-Transform reality
But should correspond exclusively to scientific interests, not practical ones and serve as reproductive action-research for maintaining existing social structures.
STRUCTURALISM
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Generality Component
- Generality I: Elaborated abstractions from any source.
- Generality II: Structured concepts defining problems.
- Generality III: Concrete thought, producing the 'effect of knowledge.'
Althusser's Position
- Rejects Marx's 11th thesis on Feuerbach, denying the opposition between changing and explaining the world.
- Emphasizes the independence of scientific knowledge production within thought.
Knowledge Production
- Transformation from abstract knowledge
- Criteria is method; the mechanism by which knowledge is known is crucial.
DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM
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Epistemology
- Relates to historical and social contexts, starting with socio-historically defined human needs.
- Praxis involves the dialectical union of sense-based practice and active human intelligence.
- Dialectical analysis, based on contradiction (unity of opposites), is the mode of explanation.
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