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Coal isn’t Easy to Exclude from Sustainable Development - Coggle Diagram
Coal isn’t Easy to Exclude from Sustainable Development
Central Idea
India's per capita energy supply is below the global average, posing challenges in meeting energy demands sustainably.
80% of global energy comes from fossil fuels; renewables like solar and wind contributed only 2.4% in 2022.
Energy Dynamics
Worldwide
India's Energy Scenario: India's per capita energy supply is 37% of the global average and 26% of China's.
Renewable Energy Contribution: Solar and wind energy's combined contribution is just 2.4%.
Human Development Link: Direct correlation between per capita energy and Human Development Index implies growing energy needs for India.
Fossil Fuel Dependence: Dominant global reliance on oil (30%), coal (27%), and gas (23%).
Energy Security
in India
Coal and Oil Gas Dominance: They account for 55.1% and 33.3% of India's energy consumption, respectively.
Coal-fired Power: 74.3% of India's electricity in FY 2022-2023 was coal-generated.
Renewable Energy Share: Only 10.4% of India's energy consumption comes from renewables.
Cumulative Emissions: India's emissions since 1750 are 3.3% of the global total, much lower than Europe, the U.S., and China.
Coal and Renewables
in Power Sector
Increasing battery storage in India depends on importing critical minerals, posing energy security risks.
96% of coal for TPPs is domestically sourced, contributing to affordable electricity.
By FY 2031-2032, India aims to absorb 924 TWh from renewables, with added battery and pumped storage capacities.
Indian coal
and Power
Historical sulphur dioxide emissions have a cooling effect, masking global temperature rise.
30% of current TPP capacity uses supercritical or ultra-supercritical technologies.
Indian coal, except from Assam and Meghalaya, has lower sulphur content.
Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Technology: AUSC technology in TPPs can reduce CO2 emissions by 15%.
Transporting unwashed coal over long distances includes non-coal materials, increasing ash production.
Way forward
Reflects in India's ‘Long-term Low-Emissions Development Strategy’ submitted to the UNFCCC.
Developed Countries should lead in climate change combat, providing financial resources and technology transfer
Tackling climate challenges based on ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ as per UNFCCC and Paris Agreement.