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Transition elements - Coggle Diagram
Transition elements
Properties
Variable oxidation state
Coloured ions
When ligands surround a metal ion, the d-orbitals no longer have the same energies
Electrons jump from lower energy d-orbitals to unoccupied higher energy ones
Catalytic behaviour
Heterogeneous - different state
Homogeneous - same state
Complexes
Metal ion + ligands = complex ion
Monodentate ligand - forms one coordinate bond
Bidentate ligand - forms two coordinate bonds
Multidentate - forms multiple coordinate bonds
Coordination number - number of atoms coordinately bonded to metal ion
Complexes
Linear
2 ligands
Square planar
4 ligands
Can have cis-trans isomers
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Tetrahedral
4 ligands
Octahedral
6 ligands
Can have optical isomers
Can have cis-trans isomers
Definition: d-block elements that form one or more stable ions with a partially filled d-subshell