Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Cholesterol, lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Apolipoproteins
      - Receptors
      - Enzymes
      - Example mutations
        
        ApoB
        
        Apolipoprotein
        
        ApoB allows LDL to attach to the receptor
        
        Loss of function mutation
        
        PCSK9
        
        Targets LDL receptors for destruction
        
        Gain of function mutation
        
        LDLR
        
        LDL receptor
        
        Grabs LDL to remove it from the circulation
        
        Loss of function mutation
      - LPL deficiency
        
        Lipoproteins which should be broken down quickly in blood aren't
        
        This causes severe hypertriglyceridemia
        
        lipoprotein lipase
      - Type 3 hypolipoproteinemia
        
        ApoE lipoprotein mutation
        
        ApoE facilitates uptake of IDL and Chylomicrons
        
        Impairs the uptake of IDL and Chylomicrons causing increased triglycerides and cholesterol
- - - - reduced LPL increases VLDL
      - Overloads HDL with triglycerides and HDL is targeted by LPL leading to reduced HDL
  - - - increased VLDL
    - - Results in reduced LDLR and therefore increased LDL
  - - - Reduced LDLR
        
        Increased LDL
    - - Reduced LDLR
        
        Increased LDL
    - - Reduced LPL
        
        Increased VLDL
  - - - Increased LDL
- - - - Anti-proliferative agent, prevents re-occlusion
  - - - Drugs =
        
        Ezetimibe
        
        Reduce LDL-C
        
        Lower risk of CHD
        
        Blocks dietary cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
        
        leads to less cholesterol in hepatocytes
        
        Fibrates
        
        Reduce LDL-C and Triglycerides
        
        Increase HDL-C
        
        only beneficial where low HDL-C and high triglycerides
        
        Stimuates increase LPL activity - increase uptake of IDL and VLDL
        
        Statins
        
        Reduce LDL-C
        
        Lower risk of CHD
        
        1st choice lipid-lowering drugs class for CVD prevention
        
        Blocks the production of cholesterol causing the body to uptake LDL-C to replace it
        
        PCSK9-inhibitors
        
        Monoclonal antibodies
        
        Binds to PCSK9 to inhibit function
        
        2-weekly injection
        
        siRNA therapy
        
        Suppresses translation of mRNA into PCSK9 protein
        
        Can be administered only once every 6 months