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Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Function - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Function
Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin) - Controls fluid balance by regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys
SIADH
Symptoms:
Hyponatremia (low sodium)
Decreased and concentrated urine output
Diagnosis based on:
Clinical and Lab findings
Hypotonicity
Decreased urine output
Hyponatremia
Highly concentrated urine
Treatment:
Removing the cause of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Water Restriction
Hypertonic IV Solutions (with severe hyponatremia)
Diabetes Inspidus
insufficient ADH that results in the inability of the body to concentrate or retain water
Treatment:
Hydration
Hypotonic IV Hydration
Synthetic vasopressin drug (
Symptoms:
Polyuria (large urine volume output)
Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Diagnostic Criteria:
Patient History (typically recent surgery or brain turmor, etc.)
Physical Examination
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Hyperaldosteronism:
Excess Aldosterone production
Diagnostic Criteria:
Blood tests to measure aldosterone
Imagining Studies for presence of tumors
Symptoms:
Fatigue
Headaches
High Blood Pressure
Excessive Urination
Treatment:
Medications
Treating underlying conditions
Addison's Disease (aldosterone/adrenal deficiency)
Symptoms:
Dizziness
Electrolyte Imbalances
Dehydration
Muscle Weakness
Increased skin pigmentation
Diagnostic Criteria:
Imaging studies to evaluate adrenal glands
Blood tests to measure electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium)
Treatment:
Replacement Therapy
Proper Med Dosage
Function of Aldosterone:
Regulates salt and water balance (increase amount of sodium sent to the blood stream)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Cushing Syndrome (high levels of cortisol)
Diagnostic Criteria:
24 Hour Urine Collection
Imaging Studies for tumors
Symptoms:
Glucose Intolerance
Behavioral Changes
Infection
Impaired Stress Response
Obesity
Treamtnent:
Radiation
Surgery
Parathyroid Hormone - regulates calcium levels in blood
Hyperparathyroidism (Primary and Secondary)
Diagnostic Criteria:
Blood tests
Symptoms:
Fatigue
Weakness
Kidney Stones
Bone Pain
Digestive Issues
Treatment:
Try to treat underlying cause
primary is treated through surgical removal of the affected gland
Secondary is treated through managing underlying condition causing the imbalance in calcium levels, which might involved medication and dietary changes
Hypoparathyroidism
Diagnostic Criteria
Blood Tests
ECG (low calcium levels affect the heart's electrical activity, leading to changes in an ECG)
Symptoms
Tingling or Numbness
Fatigue or Weakness
Muscle Cramps/Spasms
Dry hair and skin
Treatment
Calcium Supplements
Vitamin D
Lifestyle Modifications
Thyroid Hormone
Hyperthyroidism (commonly caused by Grave's Disease)
Symptoms:
Protrusion of the eyeballs
Development of Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
Diagnostic Criteria:
Physical Examination
History
Lab Studies for elevated T3 and T4
Treatment:
Reducing Thyroid Hormone Levels
Radioactive Iodine for destruction
Medications that block thyroid hormone production
Surgery for removal
Growth Hormone
Giantism
Diagnostic Criteria:
Hormonal Testing
Physical Examination
Imaging Studies
Treatment:
Medications
Surgery (removal of tumor)
Radiation Therapy
Symptoms:
Increased height
Enlarged hands and feet
Accelerated Growth
GHD (Growth Hormone Deficiency)
Treamtent:
Monitoring
Growth Hormone Injections
Lifestyle Management
Symptoms:
Short Stature
Slower Growth
Delayed Puberty
Diagnostic Criteria:
Growth Pattern Assessment
Physical Examination
Hormone Testing