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unit 6 Energy, Enzymes, and metabolism - Coggle Diagram
unit 6 Energy, Enzymes, and metabolism
Enzymes and ribozymes
catalysis
speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
enzymes are biological protein catalysts
ribozymes are RNA molecule catalysist
Activation energy
an input of energy for reaction
reaches transition state
enzymes can lower it
enzyme action
reposition substrate
change environment conditions
strain bonds
substrate and enzyme active cite are very specific
lock and key model
induced fit phenomenon
enzyme reactions
pH and tempariture
inhibition
competitie
non competitive
saturation
Vmax
Michaelis constant Km
other requirments
prosthetic groups
cofactors
coenzymes
metabolism
metabolic pathways needed for life functions
anabolic
energy drive exergonic reactions
synthesis of macromolecules or micromolecules
catabolic
recycles
energy drive endergonic reactions
Energy and chemical reactions
chemical energy
physical energy
kinetic
potential
entropy
disorder (more entropy)
order (less entropy)
change in free energy
total energy = usable +unusable energy
Gibbs free energy (G) is the energy avalable
change in free energy is important for the direction of chemical reactions
Enthalpy
spontaneous reactions
occurs if change in Gibbs energy is negative
exergonic is spontaneous
endergonic is nonspontaneous
H=G+TS
ATP hydrolysis
releases energy
used for cell reactions
endergonic reactions are paired with exergonic ones
dG= -7.3 (spontaneous)
creating ATP
substrate level phosphorylation
chemiosmosis
redox reactions
oxidation
reduction
NADH
is an energy intermediate
used for ATP synthesis
donates electrons
reducing agent
metabolic regulation
cellular regulation (cyclins)
biochemical regulation
feedback inhibition of enzymes
gene regulation
recycling organic molecules
half life of molecules
mRNA degradation
exosome
proteosome
proteases
ubiquitin
lysosome
hydrolases
autophagy