Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Unit 3 molecular biology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - structural isomers
      - stereoisomers
        
        Enantiomers
        
        Cis/ trans
- - - - hexoses
        
        fructose
        
        galactose
        
        glucose
      - linear or ring structure
        
        glucose isomers
        
        alpha and beta
        
        D and L enantiomers
      - pentoses
        
        deoxyribose
        
        ribose
    - - made of 2 monosaccharides
      - sucrose/ maltose/ lactose
    - - long polymers (glycosidic bonds)
      - energy storage
        
        starch (moderatly branched)
        
        glycogen (highly branched and globular)
      - structural
        
        cellulose/ chitin/ glycosaminoglycans (flat sheets)
  - - - glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate
      - Amphipathic
        
        phosphate head polar / hydrophilic
        
        fatty acid tail nonpolar / hydrophobic
    - - triglycerides
      - glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
      - Ester bonds
    - - high energy storage
      - saturated (solid)
      - unsaturated (liquid)
        
        cis is natural
        
        trans is artificial (solid)
    - - rings of carbon (like cholesterol)
      - hydrophobic
      - specific biological properties
  - - - 20 amino acids
      - variable side chains
    - - carboxyl group+ amino acid = peptide + water
      - N terminus and C terminus
      - polymers of amino acids
      - structure
        
        primary
        
        amino acid sequence
        
        secondary
        
        hydrogen bonds
        
        alpha helix
        
        beta pleated sheets
        
        random coiled region
        
        tertiary
        
        ionic bonds
        
        van-der wall forces
        
        disulfide bridges
        
        hydrophilic / hydrophobic interactions
        
        hydrogen bonds
        
        3D structure
        
        quaternary
        
        multiple polypeptides
  - - - A pentose sugar
      - nitrogen base (AGCT-U)
      - phosphate group
      - polymers have sugar phosphate backbone
    - - DNA
        
        thymine
        
        2 strands (double helix held be hydrogen bonds
        
        deoxyribonucleic acid
      - RNA
        
        Uracil
        
        ribonucleic acid
        
        single strand
        
        Several forms