Electrolyte imbalance: Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, salt and water retention leading to pulmonary edema, ascites, or pleural effusion, hyperphosphatemia, or hypocalcemia. Neurological: somnolence, confusion, drowsiness, hyperreflexia, seizures, and coma. Cardiovascular: Due to fluid and salt imbalance, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and hypertension usually occur. In some cases, hypotension may be seen, which is a manifestation of other comorbidities such as sepsis. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes due to hyperkalemia may be seen. In about a quarter of cases, arrhythmias can occur due to electrolyte imbalance.
