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Living in the UK case studies - Coggle Diagram
Living in the UK case studies
River wye
Upper course
It runs through more land on shales.
It has lots of salmon fishing and V-shaped valleys.
There are bogs and heaths on limestone areas.
This provides habitats for wildlife and an SSSI for research.
Location
The source is located in Plynlimon, Wales.
The mouth is in the Bristol Estuary.
It is 150 miles long.
It has one of the highest rainfalls.
Middle course
It runs through Rhayader
there are natural waterfalls which have turned into rapids due to the building of a bridge which are used by canoeists.
Lower course
It runs through Hereford and Hay-on-Wye.
There are broad floodplains and meanders.
it is used for farming as it is fertile and fertile.
There is mixed woodland.
There aren't many settlements due to the risk of flooding
Wye valley is a gorge.
It attracts lots of walkers as their is great views. ]
There aren't many settlements due to the risk of flooding
Human affects on flooding positively
Dams and weirs have been built.
Concrete reinforcements have been installed below the waterline.
There are flooding zones to protect people.
There are places to flood to prevent the overflow of the river.- Farming has restrictions to protect the water and environment.
Vegetation management
The increase of vegetation means that there is less runoff decreasing the amount of flooding.
The increase in vegetation also decreases the risk of landslides as the roots strengthen the soil.
Human activity increasing flooding
Urbanization means there are more people and homes at risk of being flooded out. 200,000 people live in Hereford.
Quarrying for lime stone means that the landscape is changed and the river flows quicker.
Salford Quays
1960's
Ships became larger meaning they couldn't fit down the canal.
Without the imports meaning the dock declined.
The land became derelict and was contaminated from the previous industry.
The crime and unemployment went up greatly.
Location
It is a city of Manchester
It was a heavily industrialized dockland on the Manchester ship canal.
It is now an inner-city urban environment.
200,000 people live there.
1890's*
It imported cotton from the USA.
It produced special machines for factories.
It had a 90 hectare dock complex.
It employed thousands of people.
There was a developed community with homes, factories and shops.
1982's
The docks closed.
They received funding from the UK's urban programme.
The investment lead to a few physical improvements but it was still a bit derelict.
There was only a few jobs for local people.
1985's*
The Salford Quays development plan was launched.
There was a massive investment in new homes and education and health facilities.
There were new businesses and shops set up.
The waterways were cleaned and green spaces were improved.
1999
The construction of the ne tram system happened.
Salford quays was linked to central Manchester.
2000
The Lowry building was completed.
It cost £64 million.
it is a 1800 seat theatre named after a local artist.
2000's
There was a residential development.
Mainly low rise flats at Grain wharf.
High rise buildings to make use of space.
There a £90 million retail and leisure space built called the Lowry outlet.
There was a imperial war museum north built.
2007
Media city UK opened
Five departments moved there.
It cost £550 million to build
it added an extra £1 billion to the economy.
2025
The Salford city council aims to make Salford a modern global city which is based around Salford.
Leeds
Location
It is located in West Yorkshire in the north of England.
800,000 people live there with a 10% increase in the last 10 years.
It has good road links in the form of the M1 and M62.
It has a 2 hours train trip to London.
It has a canal and waterway network.
Migration
It has a 17% BME community.
there are migrants from the commonwealth that came in the 1950s. they mostly live in the Harehills area.
people have also immigrated from India and Pakistan.
There is a annual west carnival.
there is a large percentage of Irish in the city. around 30,000.
After world war 2 there was a influx of polish refugees.
There was another surge of polish and Lithuanian refugees in 2004.
Employment
There is a workforce of 1.4 million.
It has a economy of £50 billion
There is a lot of new digital infrastructure which is attracting new businesses.
Leeds general hospital employees 7000 people
Entertainment
It is close to the Yorkshire dales.
it has a good cricket pitch called Headingly.
the tour de France started in Leeds in 2014.
Sustainability
The HS2 project was coming to Leeds improving links to the south.
There has been more bike lanes and cycle bridges to reduce pollution.
More buses and a water taxi have been put in place.
Retail, leisure and financial services have been introduced.
There has been educational developments.
Challenges
The 2030 strategy is to make Leeds the best city in the UK.
There are 24,000 people waiting for housing.
There are plans to build more affordable homes.
Students housing isn't looked after well.
There has been a rise in gated communities.
Leeds has the third worst air pollution levels in the UK.
Only 44% of waste is recycled.
waste collections are reduced to every fortnight due to budget cuts.
Leeds has the thrid highest inequality and a high jobseekers allowance at 15%.
North Norfolk
Human uses
The flints can be used in house building.
Cromer is a base for commercial fishing and harbours.
The marshes near Holkham were drained for farming reducing the natural sea defenses.
The area brings a huge amount of tourists.
There are many towns and villages along the coast line.
There are lots of solar panels at Holkham bringing in green energy for the area.
Human sea defenses
Rip-rap barriers at Sheringham which are large rocks used to disperse the waves.
There has been a sea wall put in at Cromer.
They have put gabions in at Hunstanton which are wire cages filled with stones to absorb the water.
the have put groynes in at Wells-next-to-sea to stop the process of longshore drift.
There are boardwalks at Holkham to prevent erosion of the sand dunes and protect the nature there.
Why do we need to protect the coastline?
Entire villages have been lost due to erosion.
Happisburgh is currently disappearing due to cliff retreat. people have lost there homes due to this.
What is the landscape like
There is underlaying chalk with some deposits known as drift from the age.
There are glacial deposits of weak boulder clay which erodes easily.
Low lying coastline, the boundary between sea and land isn't clear with spits and salt marshes.
There are wide sandy beaches back by sand dunes at Holkham. At Holkham there is a shallow seabed so the tide goes out a long way allowing sand to dry out and blown around.
There are low cliffs at Hunstanton, Sheringham and Cromer and harder chalk outcrops protrude from the land.
There is a spit at Blakeney point.
Geomorphic processes
Blakeney point and wells next to sea were flooded out by a coastal surge.
The sea level is rising has lead to more natural sea defenses being built.
Somerset levels
Causes
There was a prolonged period of rain and tidal surges.
A powerful jet stream drove low-pressure systems and their storms across the Atlantic.
There was 12 major storms.
The river Parret had not been dredged 20 years.
Building on the floodplain had occurred which is below the sea level putting more and more people at risk.
Impacts
There were 600 homes affected.
Lots of villages were cut off.
Roads were inaccessible increasing journey times.
It cost Somerset between £82m and £147m.
Businesses lost trade.
-Livestock had to moved or sold.
Nearly 7000 hectares of agricultural land was submerged.
There was very little effect on the wildlife.
Local management
There are 62 water pumps working 24 hours a day.
The royal marines came to support.
Nearly 50 defenses were in need of repair.
The river got dredged after the floods.
Farmers were payed to hold flood water.
Attempts were made to reduce the run-off
National management
The government made a flood plan.
The Thames and Parret needed to dredged more.
Damaged flood banks were repaired.
-Permanent pumps were put in.
There were plans to put in a full time barrier like the one in the Thames.
The landscape
Previously it was covered by the sea.
The channels were built to drain the marshes.
The romans built tidal defenses.
-It was always been venerable to floods and storms.