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Jesus: The son of God and the second person of the Holy Trinity. Through…
Jesus: The son of God and the second person of the Holy Trinity. Through His crucifixion and resurrection He paid for the sins of all mankind.
Original Sin- Adam and Eve, who disobeyed God in eating the forbidden fruit and, in consequence, transmitted their sin and guilt by heredity to their descendants and all of mankind.
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Mary- the mother of Jesus, was a virgin when impregnated with Jesus, an angel was sent to tell her about her pregnancy.
John the Baptist- preached the imminence of God’s Final Judgment and baptized those who repented in self-preparation for it; Baptized Jesus, was cousins with Jesus
Paul of Tarsus, one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity, His letters have had enormous influence on Christian theology, especially on the relationship between God the Father and Jesus, and on the mystical human relationship with God.
Gospel of Mary Magdalene, a disciple of Jesus. According to the Gospel accounts, Jesus cleansed her of seven demons, and she financially aided him in Galilee. She was one of the witnesses of the Crucifixion and burial of Jesus and, famously, was the first person to see him after the Resurrection.
Apostolic succession- those who accept apostolic succession as necessary for a valid ministry argue that it was necessary for Christ to establish a ministry to carry out his work and that he commissioned his Apostles to do this
Synoptic Gospels – the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke in the New Testament, which present similar narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ.
Mystical Gospel – John, Gospel of Thomas, The idea was that each person had the choice to grow into God's Image or to remain stunted due to Adam's decision.
Gospel of Judas, Christian scripture attributed to the apostle Judas Iscariot. The gospel advances a Gnostic cosmology and portrays Judas in a positive light as the only apostle who fully understands Jesus’ teachings.
Council of Nicea, the first council in the history of the Christian church that was intended to address the entire body of believers
Canonical Gospels- The four books in the new testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
Trinity: in Christian doctrine, the unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three persons in one God.
Eastern Orthodox- it does not accept the primacy of the pope or the clause in the Western creed that states that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father (God) and the Son (Jesus).
Gnostic Christianity, Gnostics seek salvation not from sin but from "the ignorance of which sin is a consequence." The gnostics believe that the evil creator God and his angels cause this ignorance. It suggested that whoever “sees the Lord” through inner vision can claim that his or her own authority equals or surpasses that of the Twelve—and of their successors.
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Protestant Reformation: emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism
Luther, a 16th-century monk and theologian, was one of the most significant figures in Christian history, His denunciation of the Catholic church’s doctrine and practices triggered a series of proceedings that culminated in the Edict of Worms, a document that proclaimed him a heretic and declared war on Protestantism.
Calvin- French Protestant theologian and major figure of the Reformation, he studied the Bible and became part of a movement that emphasized salvation by grace rather than by works,
Crusades, organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their objectives were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land in the eastern Mediterranean, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories; they were seen by many of their participants as a means of redemption and expiation for sins.
Marcion, Though he rejected the Old Testament as the work of the creator God, he did not deny its efficacy for those who did not believe in Christ. He rejected attempts to harmonize Jewish biblical traditions with Christian ones as impossible.
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