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LU1: Introduction to Statistics - Coggle Diagram
LU1: Introduction to Statistics
Meaning
Its is the science of :
Inferring
Presenting
Organizing
Collecting
For the purpose of assisting in making more effective decision
What is Data?
Consists of a set of numbers that represent
the measurement of a numerical characteristic of some group.
Important of characteristics
It has to be measurements
To obtain number & numerical characteristics
We are dealing with number
Methods for collecting data
Published report
Survey/research using questionnaire
Types of statistics
The organizing, presenting and analyzing numerical data
Describe the data
Description Statistics
methods used to describe data that have been collected
Intepreting of data
Use statistical techniques to draw a statistical conclusion about the data
Inferential Statistics
methods of interpreting the values obtained from descriptive statistics and then using them to make decisions about the population
Popluation
Complete collection
Complete set
Types of Variables
Qualitative population
often summarized in CHARTS, BAR, GRAPH
variable/attribute
Non-mumeric
Gender, hair color, race, religion, academic, qualification
Quantitative population
Discrete values
Gaps between the values
Can only assign certain fixed value
Continuous values
No gap in between; it's continues
value not fixed
Assume any value within a specified range
Types of data
Quantitative Data
religion
Gender
Type of car
Color of pen
Qualitative Data
Discrete
No. of TV set sold
No. of employee
No. of children
Continuous
Weight
Height
Distance
4 levels of measurement
Ordinal level
RANK order
Interval level
Higher level of measurement
Observation measured on a scale
has all the characteristics of the ordinal scale/has something extra
no ZERO, etc; temperature
Nominal level
Order is not important
classified into categories
no real measurement
means NAMES
Ratio level
Highest level of measurement
All characteristics of the interval level
Has a meaningful zero-point
Zero/0.0 means NOTHING