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Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunctions - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunctions
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Manifestations
Na < 120: anorexia, nausea, muscle cramps
Na < 110: psychosis, seizures, coma
Treatments
Managing electrolytes
Medications to block ADH effects
Fluid restriction
Diagnostics
Blood test (hyponatremia)
Urine tests
Imaging
Diabetes Insipidus
Manifestations
Polyuria and Polydipsia
Severe dehydration
Treatments
Desmopressin for central DI
Dietary adjustments
Managing fluid intake
Diagnostics
Careful patient history and exam
Water deprivation test
Blood and urine tests
Hyperthyroidism
Manifestations
Exopthalamus
Goiter
Weight loss, agitation, restlessness
Treatments
Anti-thyroid medications
Surgery
Radioactive iodine therapy
Diagnostics
Thyroid levels (T3, T4, TSH)
Thyroid scan
Hypothyroidism
Manifestations
Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin
Myxedema
Goiter
Diagnostics
Thyroid scan
Thyroid level tests (T3, T4, TSH)
Treatments
Hormone replacement therapy
Lifestyle and dietary changes
Cushing Disease
Manifestations
Infections, skin ulcerations, and poor wound healing
Extremity weakness and muscle wasting
Striae, "moon face", "buffalo hump"
Diagnostics
Blood and urine tests
Dexamethasone suppression test
Imaging (CT scan or MRI)
Treatments
Surgery to remove tumor or adrenal glands
Meds to lower cortisol production
Radiation therapy
Addison Disease
Manifestations
Hyperpigmentation
Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypotension
Hypoglycemia, fatigue, weight loss
Treatments
Lifelong hormone replacement therapy
Emergency injection of hydrocortisone
Diagnostics
Stimulation tests
Blood tests (cortisol, ACTH)
Imaging (CT scan)