Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 3: The carbon atom and organic molecules - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3: The carbon atom and organic molecules
Carbon
Basis of organic chemistry
Versatility of carbon compounds
Structure
Atomic Number and Mass
Atomic number 6
Mass around 12
Electron Configuration
(4 valence electrons)
2 electrons in the first shell, 4 in the second
Bonding Characteristics of Carbon
Four single bonds result in tetrahedral shape
Covalent Bonds
Organic Molecules
Molecules containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
Functional Groups
Carbonyl (C=O)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Amino (-NH₂)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Phosphate (-PO₄)
Methyl (-CH₃)
Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Sugar that cannot be split into simpler sugars
Examples
Glucose
Fructose
Disaccharides
The sugar formed when two monosaccharides
Examples
Lactose
Sucrose
Polysaccharides
Long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides.
Examples
Starch
Glycogen
Proteins
Amino acids
Peptide bonds
Primary to quaternary structure
Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
steroids
Nucleic Acids
DNA
Double helix structure
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Cytocine, Adenine, Guanine and Thymine
RNA
Single Helix structure
Ribonucleic acid
Cytocine, Adenine, Guanine and Uracil
Nucleotides
Importance of Organic Molecules in Living Systems
Energy Storage and Transfer
Structural Components
Genetic Information
Biologically Important Organic Reactions
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Environmental Impact
Carbon Footprint
Disposal of organic compounds