Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Haemoglobin & Haemoglobin Genes - Coggle Diagram
Haemoglobin & Haemoglobin Genes
Revise the formed (cellular) elements of blood
White Blood Cells
monocyte
eosinophil
lymphocyte
neutrophil
basophil
Red Blood Cells
Platelets
Describe how the formed (cellular) elements of blood are derived from haematopoietic stem cells
all blood cells come from
haemopoietic stem cell
order of most abundant in blood
RBC
- 2 x 10^12/L
Platelets
- 150-400 x 10^9/L
Neutrophil
- 2-7.5 x 10^9/L (40-75% WBC)
T&B Lymphocyte
- 1.3-3.5 x 10^9/L (20-40% WBC)
Know that erythrocytes are specialised for oxygen transport
biconcave
shape
provide LARGE SA
for uptake & release O2 & CO2
normal life span =
120 days
STRUCTURE/SHAPE of Haemoglobin
tetramer
of 4 protein chains (globins)
2 alpha helix & 2 beta sheets
each w/
haem
group (porphyrin ring = central IRON)
shape of Hb protein
specified
by AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
aa linked by peptide bonds
form polypeptides
addition of side chains
chemical properties of component aa DICTATES shape of protein & properties
(
structure relates to function
)
molecular chaperones
proteins involved in ensuring process of conformation (final folded shape) is efficient & reliable
3 types of non-covalent bonding
ionic bonds
form between acidic and basic side chains
hydrogen bonds
form between side chains
of various aa
Van der Waals interactions
occur between methyl groups
of non-polar aa
in inner hydrophobic core
2 DIFFERENT FORMS OF Hb
Oxyhaemoglobin
relaxed form
HAS OXYGEN attached to globin subunits
Deoxyhaemoglobin
tense conformation
DOES NOT HAVE O2 bound
held in this conformation by molecule 2,3-BPG
Recognise the various haemoglobin genes as a gene family
Recognise that the expression of Hb genes change in fetal and adult erythrocytes and the physiological importance of this phenomenon
Understand that fetal Hb has a higher O₂ carrying capacity than adult Hb
Recognise the range of genetic diseases (haemoglobinopathies) associated with mutations in haemoglobin genes
Recognise sickle cell anaemia as a disease caused by a single point mutation in a Hb gene