Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SOAPS AND DETERGENTS - Coggle Diagram
SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
Soaps
water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids
produced with the process of saponification
animal or vegetable oils and fats gets reduced with high pressure steam
fatty acids
they combine with either sodium or potassium salts
they produce
Sodium soaps
Harder and appear as bars of soap
Potassium salts
softer and used in liquid soaps and shaving creams
glycerine
they act as emulsifiers
they allow oily filth to get suspended in water and removed with rinsing
ingredients like dyes, preservatives, frangrances and glycerine may be added
Detergents
They are a mixture of synthetic chemicals and additives
They are both Surfactants
they lower the surface tention of water
they enable the cleaning solution to get to the dirt quicker so it can bbe loosened
They contain a combination of
fats
alkali
that create molecules with two unique chemical ends
Hydrophobic end
bonds with dirt
Hydrophilic end
lines up around the hydrophobic-dirt compound that just formed and encapsulates it
it can then be washed out with water
Detergents may contain different components such as
bleaches
enzymes
water softeners
foam stabilisers
abrasives
additional ingredients
fabric softeners
colours
optical brighteners
perfumes
however they shouldn't be used excessively because they can be harmful to the environment
they are cleaning agents used for personal and public health
they have the ability to surround oil particles ona surface and disperse it in water