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Mohammad: Muhammad is the final prophet in Islam, known as the ‘Seal of…
Mohammad: Muhammad is the final prophet in Islam, known as the ‘Seal of the Prophets’. This means that Muslims regard Muhammad as Allah’s final messenger. The Qur’an is formed from the revelations Muhammad received from God through the Angel Jibril.
important figures
Gabriel: Angel Jibril (known in Christianity as the Angel Gabriel) always brings good news. He is mentioned in both the Qur’an and the Hadith He revealed Allah’s words (the Qur’an) to
Muhammad on the Night of Power so he is known as the Angel of Revelation. He played a vital role in communicating the final version of Islam to humanity.
Abu Bakr: Muhammad’s closest companion and adviser, who succeeded to the Prophet’s political and administrative functions, thereby initiating the office of the caliph.
central teachings
Five Pillars: The most important Muslim practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars of Islam are the five obligations that every Muslim must satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam.
Shahadah- confession of faith
Salat - Daily prayer- 5 times
Zakat – charity
Sawm - Ramadan
Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
Tawheed: The belief in the oneness of Allah. It is acknowledged in the First Pillar of Islam: There is no god but God.
Shirk: The sin of regarding anything as an equal or partner of Allah.
Hadith: reports of what the prophet Muhammad said or approved.
Jihad – lesser and greater: The literal meaning of Jihad is struggle or effort, and it means much more than holy war.
The phrase internal Jihad or greater Jihad refers to the efforts of a believer to live their Muslim faith as well as possible. Muslims make a great effort to live as Allah has instructed them; following the rules of the faith, being devoted to Allah, doing everything they can to help other people.
On his return from a battle, the Prophet said: "We are finished with the lesser jihad; now we are starting the greater jihad." He explained to his followers that fighting against an outer enemy is the lesser jihad and fighting against one's self is the greater jihad (holy war).
Mecca: Mecca is a place that is holy to all Muslims. It is so holy that no non-Muslim is allowed to enter.
Medina: the city where Mohammed established the first Muslim stronghold
Quran: The Qur'an is the holy book for Muslims, revealed in stages to the Prophet Muhammad over 23 years. Qur'anic revelations are regarded by Muslims as the sacred word of God, intended to correct any errors in previous holy books such as the Old and New Testaments.
People of the book: The Quran refers to early believers in the One God, including Jews and Christians, as “People of The Book”
Sharia: All aspects of a Muslim's life are governed by Sharia. Sharia law comes from a combination of sources including the Qur'an, the sayings of the prophet and the rulings of Islamic scholars.
key terms
Theocracy: The early Safavid empire was effectively a theocracy. Religious and political power were completely intertwined, and encapsulated in the person of the Shah.
Al – Kitab: in Islamic thought, those religionists—Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, as well as the imprecisely defined group referred to as Sabians—who are possessors of divine books (i.e., the Torah, the Gospel, and the Avesta)
Sunni: The name "Sunni" is derived from the phrase "Ahl al-Sunnah", or "People of the Tradition". The tradition in this case refers to practices based on what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, agreed to or condemned.
Sh'ia: In early Islamic history, the Shia were a movement - literally "Shiat Ali" or the "Party of Ali". They claimed that Ali was the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad as leader (imam) of the Muslim community following his death in 632.
Sufism: Sufis could be described as devout Muslims; praying five times a day, giving to charity, fasting etc, they adhere strictly to the outward observance of Islam.
