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Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication & Chromosome Structure,…
Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication & Chromosome Structure
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Levels of DNA structure
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Phosphate group, deoxyribose, base
Purines A & G , Pyrimidines C & T
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Phosphate group, ribose, base
Purines A & G, Pyrimidines C & U
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Double stranded, anti-parallel, H-bonding
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DNA replication
Semiconservative (DNA replication produces DNA molecules with 1 parental strand and 1 newly made daughter strand.)
Conservative (DNA replication produces 1 double helix with both parental strands and the other with 2 new daughter strands.)
Dispersive (DNA replication produces DNA strands in which segments of new DNA are interspersed with the parental DNA.)
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Mechanism of replication
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DNA polymerase (links nucleotides, deoxynucleoside triphosphates)
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Mechanisms for accuracy
Hydrogen bonding between A and T, and between G and C is more stable than mismatched combinations
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DNA polymerase types
E.coli
DNA polymerase I (a single subunit, rapidly removes RNA primers and fills in DNA)
DNA polymerases II, IV and V (DNA repair & can replicate damaged DNA.)
DNA polymerase III – multiple subunits, responsible for majority of replication
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Telomeres
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if not solved, chromosomes become shorter
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Levels of DNA compaction
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Euchromatin not as compact, Heterochromatin much more compact
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