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Cellular respiration & fermentation - Coggle Diagram
Cellular respiration & fermentation
Overview
Obtain energy from organic molecules
Products ATP, NADH & FADH2
O2 consumed, CO2 released
Glycolysis (net yield 2 ATP)
Energy investment (steps 1-3, 2 ATP hydrolysed to make fructose 1,6 bisphosphate)
Cleavage (steps 4-5, 6C broken down into x2 G3P 3C)
Energy liberation (steps 6-10, x2 G3P broken down into x2 pyruvate, 2NADH & 4ATP produced)
Breakdown of pyruvate (net yield 1 NADH)
pyruvate transported to mitochondrial matrix
Broken down by pyruvate dehydrogenase
Molecule of CO2 removed
Acetyl group + CoA --> acetyl CoA
Outer membrane channel --> pyruvate/H+ symporter
Citric acid cycle
One turn produces X2 CO2, X3 NADH, X1 FADH2, X1 ATP
Acetyl removed, attached onto oxaloacetate forms citrate
Oxaloacetate regenerated to start cycle again
Is metabolic cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
electrons removed from NADH & FADH2 to make ATP
Requires O2
Electron transport chain
Phosphorylation via ATP synthase
Oxidation via ETC
protein complexes embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane
accept and donate electrons in redox reactions
H+ electrochemical gradient made
provides energy ATP synthesis
ATP synthase
captures free energy
converts proton motive force to chemical bond energy
is rotary machine, makes ATP as it spins
Anaerobic respiration & fermentation
Use substance other than oxygen as final electron acceptor (anaerobic respiration)
Produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation (fermentation)
Fermentation
breakdown organic molecules without net oxidation
muscle cells reduce 2 pyruvate into 2 lactate
yeast produce ethanol
produces only 2 ATPS
production of ethanol (2 pyruvate --> 2 acetaldehyde --> 2 ethanol