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Political Ideologies - Coggle Diagram

- - - - In contrast to the liberal view that people can endlessly achieve and succeed, conservatism suggest humans can often not succeed and are fallible.
      - Human nature changes - Human imperfections
        
        Conservatisms view on Human nature, one that stresses our frailty, fallibility and limited capacity for self-improvement - pessimism
        
        Thomas Hobbes was cynical about human nature, arguing that life in the 'state of nature' was very different to a liberal viewpoint - people were self-interested
        
        Human nature was sceptical, meaning people didn't always get things correct
        
        Human nature can also be forgiving. Humans are 'fallible not terrible' people get things wrong, but were not inherently negative.
      - Humans have flaws and naturally get things wrong in life
      - Politicians need to accommodate this reality
    - - Government with consent & 'state of nature'
      - Leviathon 1651 - sceptical view of human nature, arguing it was ruthless and egotistical
    - - Real nature was a place of scarce resources and ruthless self interest.
      - People were needy and vulnerable
      - A sceptical view of human nature
      - People were violent and destructive and life was 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish an short'
    - - Due to the absence of formal authority
      - Mans versions of right and wrong would inevitably lead to war
      - Events in Hobbes Lifetime
        
        English Civil War
        
        Tudor Ending
        
        Gunpowder plot
    - - Thomas Hobbes believed that for society to develop, a secure and authoritative government was needed. The newer idea of a 'social contract', linked to leading government to obeying citizens, which result in a successfully structured nation. As a result of the Civil War in England in the early 1600's, Hobbes believed a developing nation was possible. Although he was very pessimistic and sceptical, he did believe in a better and more beneficial way to structure the country.
      - In comparison to classical liberalism, they are very different concepts.
      - On the other hand, classical liberalism believe a nation should have a minimal state that only intervenes where it sees necessary. Society should naturally develop and enhance by itself. Without the government's help and dependency.
  - - - Property
        
        Ownership of property and private ownership
      - Inequality
      - Rejection of natural society
        
        Society is not natural, it needs law and order to run successfully. Natural rights do not exist.
      - Tradition
        
        Value of tradition - maintained in the system
      - Organic society
        
        Society cannot be planned or created
        
        View on society like a machine, humans working under control in a system. Requires discipline & attention, law and order needs to be established.
      - Little platoons
        
        Not a view on society being a single entity
        
        Platoons exemplify the local churches, clubs, teams and families in a community, unified by attachment to what was later referred to as 'one nation' - moderate the power of the state to control the one nation
    - - Conservative view of society defends inequality of outcome
      - Uneven wealth & power as natural and desirable
      - Paternalistic - societies stronger & richer classes
    - - Limited hierarchy
        
        Safety & security is structured into a hierarchy
      - The New Right
      - Primacy of order
        
        Ensure safety & security, 'prevent the bad rather than create the good', Oakeshott
        
        Safety & security is not possible without authority & order
      - Empiricism, experience & consensus
  - - - Conservatism promotes a hierarchy for society to abide by. 'Natural Hierarchy' based on wealth
      - New Right conservatives see capitalism as a precondition of liberty and self-fulfilment
      - Based on private property - promotes the ownership of property
    - - Capitalism is linked to economic liberalism. It therefore advances competitive individualism, often at the expense of the communities valued by traditional conservatism
      - Capitalism and market forces are often dynamic and volatile, at odds with the stability and continuity that traditional conservatives crave
      - Capitalism generates inequality in society, therefore threatening traditional goal of 'One Nation'
  - - - New Right State is to be less empirical and pragmatic, and to be more rigid and sure of its objectives. Therefore it can lead and run the country with aims and target to be fulfilled.
    - - New Right believes in a paradox, by strengthening the state while shrinking the state. While maintaining the idea that it's 'overloaded' with social & economic obligations
      - Unlimited hierarchy with different social classes maintained a healthy welfare state that can be authoritative
  - - - Opposed colonialism, slavery, poverty. (very liberl)
      - Demanded the impeachment of Governor
      - A whip MP
  - - - An updated model of Burkes 'little platoons'
      - Optimistic view of society and human nature
      - Liberty and property were not to be taken for granted, without some formal authority enforcing laws
      - Importance of success in society. Communities are vital to building a good society