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Chapter-3 Organic Molecules, Chapter 6 Energy enzymes and Metabolism.,…

- - - - PROMETAPHASE- Mitotic spindle is formed, nucleolus disappears, centrosomes move apart to the opposite poles.
      - METAPHASE- sister chromatids align in the equator of the metaphase plate.
      - PROPHASE -Chromatids condense.
      - ANAPHASE-sister chromatids are separated and move to the opposite 2 poles.
      - TELOPHASE- Nuclear membrane reforms, cleavage furrow re-appears (in animal cell), cell plant (in plant cell).
      - CYTOKINESIS- 2 nuclei are separated into two new daughter cells.
        Finally, TWO identical
        DIPLOID daughter cells are formed.
- - - - Contain
        lysosomes- Degradation of
        macromolecules.
    - - Contain
        vacuoles-Central, contractile,
        phagocytic vacuoles and
        chloroplasts (semi-autonomous).
- - - - High concentration of cholesterol
      - Unique set of membrane proteins
  - - - length of fatty acyl tails.
        Shorter acyl tails are less likely to interact, which makes the membrane more fluid.
      - Presence of double bonds.
        Double bond creates a kink in the fatty acyl tail, making it more difficult for neighboring tails to interact and making the bilayer more fluid.
      - Presence of cholesterol.
        Cholesterol tends to stabilize membranes.
        Effects vary depending on temperature.