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2a) Respiration: Glycolysis +ATP - Coggle Diagram
2a) Respiration:
Glycolysis
+ATP
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a series of
metabolic pathways
that
releases energy
from food.
Respiration pathways are found in
all living things
.
Without them
the fixed energy
in food could
not
be
converted
into a form that cells can use!
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
ATP is essential to biological systems as it is the
link between reactions
that release energy (
catabolic
) and those that use energy (
anabolic
).
This molecule is used to transfer energy from the respiration pathway to reactions that require it.
1) - When the cell needs energy, ATP is broken down into
ADP and phosphate.
Breaking the bond
between the last two phosphates
releases energy
for the cell to use.
2) - When there is
excess energy
, it is used to
reform ATP from ADP + Pi.
This is an
enzyme controlled reaction
called
phosphorylation
.
3) This is a
reversible reaction
PHOTOSYNETHSIS
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
---> releases Energy
Red - Adenosine, Blue - Pi, Yellow - energy related
1:Glycolysis (In CYTOPLASM)
2)
Glucose
is broken down into
Pyruvate
in 2 phases
Glucose is
first
converted into
intermediate products
.
This phase is the
Energy Investment Phase
and
requires
the form of
2 APT
3)
In the
Energy Pay Off Stage
,
4 molecules of ATP
are
formed
.
This results in a
net gain
of
2
molecules of
ATP
1)
It is the breakdown (
catalysis
) of
glucose
into
pyruvate
through a series of
enzyme controlled reactions
Glucose --> Intermediate products --> pyruvate
Oxygen is
not
required
4)
Dehydrogenase enzymes remove Hydrogen ions and electrons from molecules
They are
passed
to the
coenzyme NAD
This forms
NADH
Phosphorylation (addition of a
phosphate)
ATP takes part in the process of phosphorylation, an enzyme- controlled process where a phosphate group is added to a molecule
ATP is broken down into ADP and Pi.
The released phosphate can phosphorylate other molecules
There is a
constant supply
of ATP in our cells because it is
synthesised
as
fast
as it is
used
