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Consonants - Coggle Diagram
Consonants
Manner of articulation
Stops; consonants are all produced by some form of โstoppingโ of the air stream (very briefly) then letting it go abruptly.๐ [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [ษก]
Fricatives; The manner of articulation used in producing the set of sounds involves almost blocking the air stream and having the air push through the very narrow opening. ๐ [f], [v], [ฮธ], [รฐ], [s], [z], [ส], [ส]
Nasals; Most sounds are produced orally, with the velum raised, preventing airflow from entering the nasal cavity.๐[m], [n] and [ล],
Affricates; the combination of a brief stopping of the air stream with an obstructed release which causes some friction.๐ [สง] and [สค].
Liquids; is formed by letting the air stream flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip of the tongue makes contact with the middle of the alveolar ridge.๐ [r]
Glides;These sounds are typically produced with the tongue in motion to or from the position of a vowel and are sometimes called semi-vowels.๐ [w] and [j]
Glottal stops; The glottal stop, represented by the symbol [ส], occurs when the space between the vocal folds (the glottis) is closed completely (very briefly), then released.๐ Oh
Flaps; This sound is produced by the tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge briefly.๐[D], [ษพ].
Places of articulation
Bilabials;These are sounds formed using both (= bi) upper and lower lips (= labia).๐ pat, bat and ma
Labiodentals; These are sounds formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip. ๐fat and vat, safe
Dentals; These sounds are formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth. ๐there, then and thus.
Alveolars; These are sounds formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge, which is the rough, bony ridge immediately behind and above the upper teeth. ๐The initial sounds in top, dip, sit, zoo and nut are all alveolars.
Palatals; Sounds produced with the tongue and the palate are called palatals (or alveo-palatals). ๐ shout and child, which are both voiceless.
Velars; Sounds produced with the back of the tongue against the velum are called velars. ๐kid, gun, bang
Glottals; There is one sound that is produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth. ๐who and whose, house
Voicing
When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced.[Z] or [V] โ> zoo
When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless.[S]or [F] โ> sick, fat