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Unit C Motion and Forces - Coggle Diagram
Unit C Motion and Forces
Motion
1.1 an object in motion changes position
Motion is a change in position
An object in motion changes position
1.2 Speed measures how fast position changes
Position can change at different rates
Calculating Speed
Speed = distance/time (S = d/t)
Velocity includes speed and direction
1.3 Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes
Speed and direction can change with time
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time
Calculating Acceleration
acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity / time
Forces
2.1 Forces change motion
A force is a push or pull
Newtons first law relates to force and motion
2.2 Fore and mass determine acceleration
Newton's second law relates force, mass, and acceleration
Force equals mass times acceleration
Force = mass * acceleration (F = ma)
Forces change the direction of motion
2.3 Forces act in Paris
Newton's third law relates action and reaction forces
Newton's three laws describe and predict motion
2.4 Forces transfer momentum
Objects in motion have momentum
Momentum = mass * velocity (P = mv)
Momentum can be transferred from one object to anoother
Momentum is conserved
Gravity, Friction, and Pressure
3.1 Gravity is a force exerted by masses
Masses attract each other
Gravity keeps objects in orbit
3.2 Friction is a force that opposes motion
Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other
Motion through fluids produces friction
3.3 Pressures depends on force and area
Pressure describes how a force is spread over an area
Pressure = force / area (P = F/A)
Pressure acts in all directions in fluids
Pressure in fluids depends on depth
3.4 Fluids can exert a force on objects
Fluids can exert an upward force on objects
The motion of a fluid affects its pressure
Forces can be transmitted through fluids
Work and Energy
4.1 Work is the use of force to move an object
force is necessary to do work
calculating work
Work = Force * distance (W = Fd)
Objects that are moving can do work
4.2 Energy is transferred when work is done
Work transfers energy
Work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating Gravitational potential energy
Gravitational Potential Energy = mass
gravitational acceleration
height (GPE = mgh)
Calculating Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy = mass * velocity² / 2 (KE = 1/2mv²)
Calculating Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy (ME = PE + KE)
The total amount of energy is constant
4.3 Power is the rate at which work is done
Power can be calculated from work and time
Calculating Power from work
Power = work / time (P = W / t)
Power can be calculated from energy and time
Calculating power from energy
Power = Energy / time (P = E/t)
Machines
5.1 Machines help people do work
Machines change the way force is applied
Mechanical Advantage of a Machine
Mechanical Advantage = Output Force / Input Force
Work Transfers Energy
Output work is always less than input work
Efficiency (%) = output work/input work * 100
5.2 Six simple machines have many uses
There are six simple equations
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated
Mechanical advantage = Output force / input force (MA = F^out / F^in)
Ideal mechanical advantage = height of incline / length of incline (IMA = L / h)
Ideal Mechanical advantage raius of input / radius of output (IMA)
Ideal Mechanical Advantage = distance from input force to fulcrum / distance from output force to fulcrum (D in / D out)
5.3 Modern technology uses compound machines
Compound machines are combinations of simple machines
Modern technology creates new uses for machines