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Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia - Coggle Diagram
Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
Mycobacteria
aerobic bacilli rods with lipid rich cell wall.
Resistant to many traditional stains.
Cannot be decolorized by acid solutions
slow growing (4 days- 6 weeks)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)
1/3 of world infected
Risk Factors for TB: birth place, homeless, prisoner, IVDU, alcoholic, healthcare worker, previous infection, exposure to TB
Immunosuppression
Drugs such as corticosteroids
Transmitted by resp. droplets
Inhalation of TB into lungs:
Clearance of organism by immune system
Latent infection (immune system builds a barrier around the infection & prevents further spread in lungs)
Primary Disease (5% develop active disease within 2-3years of infection, infection spreads slowly in lungs)
Open TB: granuloma erodes through bronchial wall, cavity forms, large no. of TB bacilli have access to sputum. Infectious to others
Clinical features: fever, night sweats, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, cough, sputum, haemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain, breathlessness
Lab Diagnosis: detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical specimens
-Microscopy
-Culture
-Nucleic acid amplification techniques
Specimen Types: Sputum((incubate @ 35-37C for 8 weeks), Bronchial washings, CSH, Urine, Tissue, Early morning gastric aspiration
Mantoux Test: intradermal injection read @ 48-72hrs
Treatment of TB: combo. drug therapy.
Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE)
4 drugs x 2 months
2 drugs x 4 months (RI)
Mycobacterium Leprae
Leprosy
Developing Countries
Treatment = prolonged course of antibiotics
Clinical Features:
Tuberculoid Leprosy = small no. localized skin lesions, peripheral nerve damage with complete sensory loss, visible enlargement of nerves
Lepromatous Leprosy: lots of skin lesions, tissue destruction, diffuse nerve involvement, no enlargement of nerves
Mycoplasma
Smallest free living micro-organism
lack rigid cell wall
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
common cause of resp. tract infections.
Transmitted by droplet spread. Usually affects school children
Clinical Features: dry cough, fever, malaise, headache
Diagnosis: serology, PCR of nasal secretions/ sputum, cold agglutinins in blood
Treatment: Macrolide (Clarithromycin) or Tetracycline ( Doxycycline)
Chalmydia
depends on host cell for energy & AA
Infectious form: Elementary body(EB)
Reproductive form: Reticulate body (RB)
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Most common bacterial STI
Females: cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy
Males: urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis
Infants: neonatal conjunctivitis & pneumonia
Diagnosis: Nucleic acid amplification test of endocervical/vagina;/urethral swab, urine sample, eye swab