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Chapter 4: General Features of cells - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4: General Features of cells
Prokaryotes
Simple cell structure, No nucleus
bacterial cell
Inside the plasma membrane: Cytoplasm, Nucleoid region, Ribosomes.
Outside the plasma membrane: Cell wall, Glycocalyx, Appendages.
Two categories of prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea.
Eukaryotic
Plant cell
Animal cell
Cytoskeleton:
Intermediate filaments
Actin filaments
Microtubules
The Nucleus and
Endomembrane System
Nuclear envelope: Double-membrane structure enclosing
nucleus.
Nucleus: Chromosomes, Nuclear matrix, Ribosome assembly
Endoplasmic reticulum: (rough ER), (smooth ER)
Golgi apparatus: Stack of flattened, Vesicles transport materials between stacks.
functions: Secretion, processing, and protein sorting
Lysosomes: Contain acid hydrolases that perform
hydrolysis under acidic conditions.
Vacuoles: Central vacuoles, Contractile vacuoles, Phagocytic vacuoles.
Peroxisomes: catalyze certain reaction that break down molecules by removing H or adding O.
Plasma membrane: Boundary between the cell and the
extracellular environment.
function: Membrane transport, Cell signaling, Cell adhesion.
Semiautonomous Organelles
Mitochondria
make ATP
Outer and inner membrane
Intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
Contain their own DNA, divide by binary fission
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Outer and inner membrane
Intermembrane space
Thylakoid membrane
their own DNA, divide by binary
fission.
Protein Sorting to Organelles
Cotranslational sorting
ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane,
and secreted proteins
Post-translational sorting
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
and peroxisomes