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Mass Casualty, References: Ignatavicius, D., Workman, L., Rebar, C., &…
Mass Casualty
Interventions
quickly triage the patients and help the ones that you can depending on their condition and what resources you have with you
be aware that the green tagged patients who take themselves to the hospital could unknowingly carry contaminants from the event to the hospital
a basic patient survey for triage would be to use the ABC method (airway, breathing, circulation) after that you would assess for other things wrong with them and decide how quickly they need to be treated. If they had a problem with any ABC then they would most likely be triaged as red, or black if prognosis for that patient doesn't look good.
Assessment
triage functions may be performed by: EMTs, paramedics, nurse, provider, and physician teams
using a disaster triage tag system
emergent (class 1) - patients are identified with a red tag
patients who require immediate assistance (patients with airway obstruction or shock)
patients who can wait a short time for care (class 2) are marked with a yellow tag
treated within 30 minutes (patients with major injuries like open fractures with distal pulse or large wounds)
nonurgent or "walking wounded" (class 3 patients) are given a green tag
minor injuries that can be managed after a delay usually more than 2 hours (closed fractures, sprains, strains, abrasions, and contusions)
patients who are expected to die or are dead are issued a black tag (class 4)
this would be patients with a massive head trauma, extensive full thickness burns, high cervical spinal cord injury necessitating mechanical ventilation
Patient Education
stop the bleed can be a helpful tool to teach so bystanders can help during a mass casualty event
try to work as quickly as possible, but still educating current patients on what you are doing
Patho
a situation affecting public health that is defined based on the resource availability of a particular community or hospital facility. when the number of casualties exceeds the resource capabilities, a disaster situation is recognized to exist
References:
Ignatavicius, D., Workman, L., Rebar, C., & Heimgartner, N. (2021). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care.
Evolve
, (10th ed.). ISBN: 978-0-323-61242-5
Holman, H. C., Williams, D., Johnson, J., Ball, B. S., Wheless, L., Leehy, P., & Lemon, T. (2019). RN Adult medical surgical nursing: Review module. Assessment Technologies Institute