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7.3 Reflection Techniques - Coggle Diagram
7.3 Reflection Techniques
Kolb's Experiential learning cycle
Reflective observation
Reviewing / reflecting on the experience
Abstract conceptualisation
Concluding / learning from the experience
Concrete
Doing / having an experience
Active experimentation
Planning / trying out what you have learned
Gibb's reflective cycle
Evaluation
Focus on evaluating or reviewing, positive and negative actions and outcomes.
Other questions to ask
What was positive and what was negative?
What went well and what didn't go well?
What did you and other people do to contribute to the situation? (Positively or negatively)?
If you are writing about a difficult situation, did you feel that the situation was resolved afterwards?
Analysis
Focus on analysing, reflecting on process and outcomes of the situation.
Other questions to ask
Why did things go well or badly?
How did you contribute to the success or failure of this experience?
What was really going on?
If things did not go to plan, why was this? E.g. was it a lack of preparation or external factors beyond your control?
Did other people involved have similar views or reactions to you? If not, why do you think that was the case?
Could you have responded in a different way?
What might have helped or improved things?
Feelings
Description of the feelings and reaction is needed but no analysis or conclusion
Other questions to ask
What did you feel while this situation took place?
What do you think other people felt during this situation?
What did you feel after the situation?
What did you feel before this situation took place?
What do you think other people feel about the situation now?
Conclusion
Actions and outcomes from situation, task should be summarised. Should be based on response to the previous stage/s
Other questions to ask
What can you now do better?
What have you learned, generally and specifically?
Could / should you have done anything differently?
What skills have you developed as a result of the situation, task or project
What skills do you need to develop to handle this better?
Description
The situation, task, or project needs to be fully described without making and judgements or coming to a conclusion
Other questions to ask:
What was the outcome?
What did you and other people do?
What did you and other people do?
Who was there?
When and where did this happen?
Action plan
Formulates an action plan recording future plans and areas for improvement. Should include anything that needs to be known and improve for the next time.
Other questions to ask
What steps can be taken based on what has been learned?
How will you adapt your actions or improve your skills?
What specific actions can be taken to build knowledge or skills including training?
What can be done differently next time?
How/where can you use your new knowledge and experience?
If the same thing happened again, what would you do differently?
Boud, Keogh, and Walker's model
Reflective processes
Some iteration between this stage and experience stage
Process
Utilising positive feelings
Removing obstructing feelings
Returning to experience
Re-evaluating experience
This is the stage you reflect on experience, including feelings, behaviour, ideas that bene identified in experience stage
Outcomes
Final stage expands on positive reflection and perspective of experience
What will be gained
Readiness for application
Change in behaviour
New perspectives on experience
Commitment to action
Experience(s)
What to consider
Behaviour
Ideas
Feelings
Facilitate reflective learning, need to return to experience and consider what happened
Design thinking
Stage 3 : Ideate
Builds on understanding and knowledge from the previous stages
A range of alternative views of the problem can be formulated and alternative solutions can be identified
Ideas that solve the problem are developed in this stage
Developing a range of solutions, for if a solution is problematic
Suggested solutions must be challenged to ensure that they will comply with the users and their needs
Stage 4 : Prototype
This stage can be the experimental stage as the prototypes are experimental
Prototypes need to be considered and tested by a range of people to give feedback
Prototypes of the range of solutions identified are created in this stage
Feedback provided, prototype can be accepted, improved or rejected
Improvements can happen, and the same process will happen again
Forms a prototype feedback loop
Finally, problems with solutions are identified and designers will know and understand how users will think and feel with product
Stage 2 : Define
Problem to be solved is clearly defined
Should lead to ideas like:
Functions
Features
Other concepts
Information gathered in stage 1 is considered and analysed
Important that empathy with users is still maintained
Questions can be asked to help formulate ideas to solve problem
From the analysis, hypothesis is created, forming the basis for solving the problem
Stage 5 : Test
With testing and research, previous stages will be returned to iteration
May redefine identified problem including validating or disproving assumptions made
Prototypes are tested in this stage with qualitative research
Stage 1 : Empathise
User needs to be identified and understood
Can be completed by research, covering a range of demographics
Empathic understanding of identified user's needs must be developed
Empathy needs to be developed, so design team can fully understand users' needs rather than their own
