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7.3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - user needs identified + understood
      - completed by research covering a range of demographics
      - empathic understanding of user needs must be developed
      - empathy is needed so design team can put aside their own views to fully understand user needs rather than their own
    - - info gathered in stage 1 is considered + analysed
      - problem needing a solution is clearly defined
      - ideas and concepts of how to solve the problem may also start to be found
      - important that empathy is still maintained otherwise it is possibe the solution will not enhance the user experience but instead match the assumptions of the design team
      - from the analysis, a hypothesis is created that will form the basis of the solution
    - - ideas to solve the problem are developed
      - this is the stage where designers can think outside of the box
      - by thinking creatively, a range of alternative views of the problem can be formulated + solutions can be identified
      - important to develop a range of solutions so that if one is found to be a problem, then others can be used
    - - prototypes of a range of solutions identified in stage 3 are created
      - the prototypes are not the complete solution but may focus on one part
      - the experimental stage
      - the prototypes need to be considered + tested by a range of potential users
      - based on feedback to testing, each prototype can be improved/accepted/rejected
      - prototype feedback loop = as each improvement to protoypes is made, the same process happens again
      - at the end of the stage, any problems with the proposed solution are identified + the designers know how the users will behave, think, and feel when interacting with the end product
    - - prototypes created in stage 4 are tested with qualitative research carried out
      - following testing + research, it is possible some stages are revisited (iteration)
      - alterations + refinements can be made to rule out problem solutions + derive a full understanding of the product + its users
- - - - the experience needs to be fully described without making any judgements/coming to a conclusion
      - needs to set the scene + record key components of the experience
      - questions include
        
        when?
        
        where?
        
        who?
        
        what?
        
        how?
    - - focus is on the feelings + reactions during the experience
      - a description of them is needed, but no conclusion/judgement
      - questions include
        
        what did you feel before?
        
        what did you feel during?
        
        how did other people feel?
        
        what did you feel after?
    - - focus is on evaluation/reviewing the positive + negative actions + outcomes
      - questions include
        
        what was positive and what was negative?
        
        WWW and WDGW?
        
        what did you and other do to contribute?
      - the experience + responses made are considered objectively in order to make the first value judgement
    - - focus is on analysing/reflecting on the process + outcomes of the experience
      - this stage attempts to explain why the experience was positive or negative
      - questions include
        
        why did things go well/badly?
        
        how did you contribute to the success/failure?
        
        what actually happened?
        
        why did things not go to plan?
    - - actions + outcomes of the experince are summarised and a conclusion is formed
      - questions include
        
        what have you learned?
        
        what can you now do better?
        
        could/should you have done anything differently?
        
        what skills have you developed as a result?
    - - final stage is to formulate an action plan recording future plans + areas of improvement
      - based on all responses from previous stages
      - questions include
        
        what can be done different next time?
        
        how will you adapt/improve your actions + skills?
        
        how/where can you use your new knowledge + experience?
        
        what would you do differently if the same thing happened again?
- - - - starting point of the reflecting process, you return to the experience
      - consider what happened - behavious, ideas, + feelings that occurred
    - - refelct on the experience - including feelings, behaviour, + ideas identified in the first stage
      - there is some iteration between this stage and the first stage
      - the negative feelings + behaviours identified are removed - the focus is on the positives
      - allows you to revisit the experience + re-evaluate it in a positive way
    - - final stage expands on the positive reflection + perspective of the experince
      - by doing the previous stages, you gain new perpectives on the experience
      - the new perspectives will inform changes in your behaviour
- - - - individual has an experience that is the basis for observation
      - the new experience creates the opportunity for learning
      - focus of this stage = the individual takes part in the experience so they can learn from it (through feelings + experiences)
    - - individual reflects on the experience from the concrete stage
      - focus of this stage = reviewing the experience + its meaning
      - the change from seeing + doing to reflection can increase the understanding of the experience
    - - individual creates new ideas/change current abstract ideas based on reflections from reflective observation
      - this stage identifies how previously learned ideas can be applied to the situation + theories are developed based on past experiences
      - focus of this stage = learning from reflections + thinking
    - - individual will learn from the practical application of ideas + consider how to put what they have learned into practice
      - helps develop theories + make decisions to solve the same/similar experiences in the future, which will lead to new experinces and the cycle starts again